A Modest Proposal

Definition

'A Modest Proposal' is a satirical essay written by Jonathan Swift in 1729 that suggests a shocking solution to the problem of poverty in Ireland by proposing the consumption of impoverished children. This work highlights the cultural influences of 18th-century Britain and Ireland, critiquing social and economic injustices while using irony and hyperbole to provoke thought and discussion about serious issues such as class disparity and colonialism.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. 'A Modest Proposal' employs shocking irony to emphasize the indifference of the wealthy toward the plight of the poor, forcing readers to confront uncomfortable truths.
2. Swift's essay is set against the backdrop of severe economic hardship in Ireland, with high rates of poverty and unemployment during the early 18th century.
3. The proposal's grotesque suggestion serves as an exaggerated metaphor for the exploitation and dehumanization faced by the Irish population under British rule.
4. Swift's use of a calm and rational tone throughout the essay contrasts starkly with the horrific nature of his proposal, enhancing its satirical impact.
5. The work has become a classic example of literary satire, frequently referenced in discussions about social justice and ethical responsibility in literature.

Review Questions

• How does Jonathan Swift use satire in 'A Modest Proposal' to address social issues in Ireland?
  • 'A Modest Proposal' utilizes satire by presenting an outrageous suggestion that highlights the severity of poverty and neglect in Ireland. Swift's proposal serves as an extreme critique of both British policy towards the Irish and the lack of empathy shown by wealthy landowners. By using shocking imagery and rational language, he forces readers to reflect on their own moral indifference toward social injustices.
• Discuss the role of irony in 'A Modest Proposal' and how it enhances Swift's message about poverty and exploitation.
  • 'A Modest Proposal' is filled with irony, as Swift presents a ludicrous solution to poverty that starkly contrasts with common moral standards. The irony lies in the expectation that proposals should offer humane solutions to societal problems, while Swift's suggestion is cold-hearted and grotesque. This deliberate use of irony not only emphasizes the absurdity of ignoring the plight of the poor but also highlights the callousness of those in power who overlook real solutions to genuine suffering.
• Evaluate how 'A Modest Proposal' reflects the cultural attitudes of 18th-century Britain towards Ireland and its people.
  • 'A Modest Proposal' serves as a powerful reflection of 18th-century British cultural attitudes towards Ireland, illustrating how the Irish were often viewed as less than human by those in power. Swift critiques both the British government's failure to address poverty and the exploitation that resulted from colonial rule. By using hyperbolic satire, he not only reveals the injustices faced by the Irish but also challenges readers to reconsider their complicity in such societal issues, making it a seminal work in understanding colonial attitudes and their repercussions on marginalized populations.'

Related terms

Satire: 'Satire' is a literary technique that uses humor, irony, or ridicule to criticize or mock societal norms, politics, or human behavior.

Irony: 'Irony' involves a contrast between expectation and reality, often highlighting absurdity or contradictions within a given context.

Social Commentary: 'Social Commentary' refers to the act of using rhetorical means to provide insight into or critique societal issues and problems.