Ben Jonson

Definition

Ben Jonson was a prominent English playwright, poet, and actor during the late 16th and early 17th centuries, known for his satirical plays and his influence on the development of English drama. His works often reflect the social and political issues of his time, and he is recognized for his mastery of the comedy genre, particularly in contrast to contemporaries like John Donne and the Cavalier poets.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Ben Jonson was appointed as the official poet laureate of England in 1616, a significant honor that recognized his literary contributions.
2. He was known for his sharp wit and was often involved in literary rivalries, notably with Shakespeare and John Marston.
3. Jonson's works include popular plays such as 'Volpone' and 'The Alchemist,' which blend humor with moral lessons.
4. He introduced elements of classical theory into English drama, emphasizing structure and character development in his plays.
5. Jonson's influence extended beyond his lifetime, impacting later playwrights and poets who were inspired by his style and themes.

Review Questions

• How does Ben Jonson's use of the Comedy of Humours shape the characters and themes in his plays?
  • Ben Jonson's use of the Comedy of Humours shapes his characters by assigning them distinct personality traits based on the four bodily humours: blood, phlegm, yellow bile, and black bile. This approach allows him to create exaggerated characters that embody specific flaws or virtues, leading to humorous situations that often comment on social behaviors. By focusing on these traits, Jonson explores broader themes such as greed, folly, and societal norms, making his work resonate with audiences seeking both entertainment and critique.
• In what ways do Ben Jonson's plays reflect the social and political context of early 17th-century England?
  • Ben Jonson's plays reflect the social and political context of early 17th-century England through their exploration of themes like class conflict, corruption, and moral hypocrisy. His satirical works often critique the wealthy elite and their follies while highlighting the struggles of common people. Additionally, Jonson's keen observations of contemporary society allow him to comment on issues such as social mobility and the consequences of greed, providing insight into the changing dynamics of his time.
• Evaluate the significance of Ben Jonson's contributions to English drama in relation to other literary figures like John Donne and the Cavalier poets.
  • Ben Jonson's contributions to English drama are significant as they helped establish a foundation for modern theatrical forms through his innovative use of character development and structured plots. While John Donne focused on metaphysical poetry exploring complex emotions and philosophical ideas, Jonson’s satirical plays tackled societal issues with humor. In contrast to the Cavalier poets who celebrated courtly life and romantic ideals, Jonson's work often critiqued such excesses, creating a dynamic interplay between different literary movements. This diversity enriched English literature and set the stage for future playwrights who drew inspiration from both his comedic style and thematic depth.

Related terms

Comedy of Humours: A type of comedy popularized by Jonson, which is based on the theory of humours in medieval medicine, where characters are defined by their dominant humours or personality traits.

Alchemist: A play written by Ben Jonson that satirizes the pursuit of wealth and the folly of human greed, showcasing his skill in crafting complex characters.

Masque: A form of entertainment that combined poetry, music, and dance, often used in royal courts during Jonson's time, highlighting his contributions to this theatrical genre.