Ben Jonson

Definition

Ben Jonson was a prominent English playwright, poet, and actor during the late 16th and early 17th centuries, known for his satirical comedies and as a rival to Shakespeare. He is recognized for his sharp wit, exploration of human folly, and contributions to the development of English theatre. His works often criticized societal norms and the behaviors of individuals, establishing him as a key figure in the evolution of comedy and drama.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Jonson was known for his play 'Volpone,' which is celebrated for its incisive social commentary and complex characters.
2. He was the first writer in England to establish himself as a professional playwright, emphasizing the importance of writing as a viable career.
3. Jonson's works often included classical elements, reflecting his education and admiration for ancient Greek and Roman literature.
4. Unlike Shakespeare, Jonson's plays often had a strong moral underpinning, aiming to teach lessons about vice and virtue.
5. He was also famous for his use of 'humors' in character development, where each character was driven by a dominant trait or emotion.

Review Questions

• How did Ben Jonson's approach to comedy differ from that of Shakespeare?
  • Ben Jonson's approach to comedy was more focused on satire and moral lessons compared to Shakespeare's often more romantic or whimsical tone. While both playwrights excelled at character development, Jonson typically aimed to expose societal follies and moral shortcomings through exaggerated characters and situations. This satirical lens allowed Jonson to critique the society of his time more directly than Shakespeare, who often incorporated broader themes of love and human emotion.
• Discuss the significance of the Masque form in Ben Jonson's works and its impact on theatre during his time.
  • The Masque was significant in Jonson's works as it represented a blend of various artistic disciplines including poetry, dance, and music, which showcased elaborate performances at royal courts. Jonson wrote many Masques for King James I that were lavishly staged, which solidified his status as a leading figure in court entertainment. These performances not only reflected the political power dynamics of the time but also influenced the evolution of theatrical forms by emphasizing visual spectacle alongside narrative content.
• Evaluate how Ben Jonson's use of satire contributed to the development of English drama and its relevance today.
  • Ben Jonson's use of satire in his plays significantly contributed to the development of English drama by introducing a critical perspective on social norms and human behavior that resonates even today. His ability to weave humor with pointed criticism allowed audiences to engage with serious topics such as greed, hypocrisy, and vice while still being entertained. This combination has influenced countless playwrights after him, making satire an enduring element in modern theatre that continues to provoke thought about societal issues.

Related terms

Commedia dell'arte: A form of improvised theatre characterized by masked types and a focus on comedic situations, influencing many playwrights including Jonson.

Masque: A form of entertainment that combined drama, music, and dance, popular in the early 17th century, which Jonson wrote for royal occasions.

Satire:

A literary technique used to expose and criticize foolishness or corruption in individuals or society, central to Jonson's works.