Pediment

Definition

A pediment is a triangular architectural element found at the top of a building, particularly above a portico or entrance, that typically serves both decorative and structural purposes. This feature is prominent in classical Greek architecture, especially in temples, where it often showcases sculptures or reliefs that depict mythological scenes, enhancing the building's aesthetic and cultural significance.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Pediments are typically found in both Doric and Ionic architectural styles but may differ in decoration and proportions based on the style used.
2. In many temples, the pediment serves as a canvas for elaborate sculptures or reliefs that convey religious narratives or honor deities.
3. The proportions of the pediment can affect the visual perception of the temple, with wider pediments creating a more expansive appearance.
4. Ancient architects often designed pediments to be viewed from below, meaning the sculptures would be crafted to be appreciated from a lower vantage point.
5. The use of pediments was not limited to temples; they also appeared in various public buildings and structures in ancient Greece, indicating their architectural versatility.

Review Questions

• How do pediments enhance the visual appeal and cultural significance of Greek temples?
  • Pediments enhance the visual appeal of Greek temples by providing a prominent triangular shape that draws the eye upward, creating an imposing presence. They are often adorned with intricate sculptures or reliefs that depict scenes from mythology or important cultural narratives, linking the temple to its religious functions. This combination of structural design and artistic expression not only elevates the aesthetic quality but also reinforces the temple's significance as a place of worship and community identity.
• Compare the differences in design and function of pediments in Doric versus Ionic temples.
  • Doric pediments are typically more austere and robust, reflecting the strength and simplicity associated with Doric architecture, while Ionic pediments often display greater elegance and detail. The decorative elements in Ionic pediments may include intricate sculptures that embody gracefulness and sophistication. Functionally, both styles serve to visually cap the structure and provide a space for artistic expression, but their stylistic differences highlight the unique characteristics of each architectural order.
• Evaluate how the design of pediments reflects broader cultural values in ancient Greek society.
  • The design of pediments reflects broader cultural values in ancient Greek society by showcasing their appreciation for beauty, order, and storytelling through art. The choice to include mythological scenes illustrates their reverence for gods and heroes, while the emphasis on symmetry and proportion aligns with their philosophical ideals of harmony. Additionally, pediments served to convey civic pride and communal identity, as they were often linked to public buildings celebrating shared values and histories. Thus, they represent not just architectural elements but also a visual embodiment of Greek culture.

Related terms

frieze: A horizontal band that often features decorative elements or inscriptions, usually located between the architrave and the cornice in classical architecture.

cornice: The uppermost section of a wall or building that often projects outward, serving both decorative and weather-protecting functions.

entablature: The horizontal structure supported by columns, which includes the architrave, frieze, and cornice, forming an important part of classical architecture.