Pediment

Definition

A pediment is a triangular architectural element typically found at the top of a building, often situated above the horizontal structure known as the entablature. It is characterized by its sloping sides and flat top, and it often serves as a decorative feature that can enhance the grandeur of classical architecture. Pediments frequently feature sculptures or reliefs that depict scenes from mythology, history, or symbolism.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Pediments originated in ancient Greek architecture and were commonly used in temples, such as the Parthenon, to symbolize harmony and proportion.
2. In Roman architecture, pediments were often adapted and incorporated into civic buildings, emphasizing their significance in public spaces.
3. The design of a pediment can vary widely, including variations like broken pediments, which have an opening at the apex, creating a different visual effect.
4. Sculptural elements within a pediment often convey important cultural narratives or celebrate deities and historical events relevant to the building's purpose.
5. Pediments can be found in various styles beyond classical architecture, including Renaissance and Neoclassical designs, demonstrating their lasting influence.

Review Questions

• How do pediments contribute to the overall aesthetic and structural integrity of classical buildings?
  • Pediments serve both aesthetic and structural purposes in classical buildings. Aesthetically, they enhance the visual appeal and grandeur of structures by creating a focal point above the entrance. Structurally, they provide support to the entablature beneath them, helping to distribute weight and stabilize the overall design. The combination of these functions makes pediments essential elements in classical architectural compositions.
• Compare and contrast the use of pediments in Greek and Roman architecture regarding their symbolism and function.
  • In Greek architecture, pediments were primarily used in religious temples to symbolize harmony and beauty, often adorned with sculptures depicting mythological scenes relevant to worship. In contrast, Roman architecture expanded the use of pediments beyond religious structures to civic buildings, where they symbolized power and public authority. This shift illustrates how architectural elements can adapt to different cultural contexts while maintaining their fundamental features.
• Evaluate the impact of pediment design variations on modern architectural practices and their cultural significance.
  • Variations in pediment design, such as broken or segmental pediments, have influenced modern architectural practices by allowing for creativity while maintaining classical references. These variations offer architects flexibility in expressing cultural significance while adapting to contemporary aesthetics. By incorporating elements like sculptural reliefs or innovative shapes into pediment designs, modern architects can evoke historical connections while responding to current artistic trends and functional needs.

Related terms

Entablature: The entablature is the horizontal structure supported by columns, comprising three main sections: the architrave, frieze, and cornice.

Portico: A portico is a structure consisting of a roof supported by columns at one or both ends, often leading to the entrance of a building.

Columns: Columns are vertical structural elements that support a building's roof or entablature, often serving as important decorative features in classical architecture.