Cytomegalovirus

Definition

Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is a common virus that belongs to the herpesvirus family, known for its ability to remain dormant in the body after initial infection. It can cause various health issues, particularly in immunocompromised individuals, newborns, and organ transplant recipients. CMV is an important consideration in antiviral drug development due to its prevalence and potential to cause serious complications.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Cytomegalovirus is one of the most common viral infections, with about 60-80% of adults showing signs of past infection by age 40.
2. In healthy individuals, CMV usually causes mild or no symptoms; however, it can lead to severe disease in immunocompromised patients and newborns.
3. Congenital CMV infection is a leading cause of hearing loss and developmental disabilities in children.
4. Antiviral drugs like ganciclovir and foscarnet are primarily used to manage serious CMV infections in vulnerable populations.
5. Routine screening for CMV is recommended for organ transplant recipients to prevent complications associated with reactivation of the virus post-transplant.

Review Questions

• How does cytomegalovirus affect different populations, particularly those who are immunocompromised?
  • Cytomegalovirus poses significant risks to immunocompromised individuals, such as organ transplant recipients and those with HIV/AIDS. In these populations, the virus can lead to severe disease, including pneumonia and retinitis. Healthy individuals may not experience serious symptoms, but those with weakened immune systems can suffer from life-threatening complications due to their inability to control the virus effectively.
• Discuss the role of antiviral drugs in the management of cytomegalovirus infections and their importance in clinical settings.
  • Antiviral drugs like ganciclovir and foscarnet play a crucial role in managing cytomegalovirus infections, especially in high-risk patients. These medications are used to prevent or treat severe CMV disease in immunocompromised individuals and help reduce the risk of complications from the virus. The ability to effectively use these antiviral therapies is essential in clinical settings where patients may face increased vulnerability due to medical conditions or treatments.
• Evaluate the impact of congenital cytomegalovirus infection on public health and the strategies for prevention and early intervention.
  • Congenital cytomegalovirus infection has a significant impact on public health due to its association with hearing loss and developmental disabilities in infants. Early detection and intervention strategies, such as screening pregnant women and providing support services for affected children, are vital for minimizing long-term consequences. Public health campaigns aimed at educating parents about CMV transmission and prevention are essential for reducing the incidence of congenital infections.

Related terms

Herpesviruses: A family of viruses that includes CMV, responsible for various infections, some of which can remain latent and reactivate later.

Immunocompromised: A condition where the immune system is weakened, making individuals more susceptible to infections, including those caused by CMV.

Ganciclovir: An antiviral medication used to treat CMV infections, particularly in patients with weakened immune systems.