Causal-historical theory of reference

Definition

The causal-historical theory of reference is a philosophical concept that explains how terms or names refer to objects in the world through a historical chain of communication and causation. This theory emphasizes the importance of the actual use and context of a name over mere descriptions or characteristics, suggesting that the reference of a name originates from an initial 'baptism' and is maintained through social interactions and language use. It contrasts with descriptive theories of reference, which focus on the properties associated with a term.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. The causal-historical theory emphasizes that a name's reference is maintained through a historical chain of social practices and interactions.
2. This theory was notably advanced by philosophers like Saul Kripke and Hilary Putnam in their critiques of descriptive theories.
3. In the causal-historical framework, names can refer to objects even if no one has complete knowledge of their properties, as long as there is a connection to the original naming event.
4. The theory highlights the importance of the social context and community agreements in determining how names function within language.
5. Causal-historical reference allows for the possibility of mistakes or changes in our understanding of an object while still preserving the original reference established at its naming.

Review Questions

• How does the causal-historical theory differentiate itself from descriptive theories of reference?
  • The causal-historical theory distinguishes itself by focusing on the historical and social aspects of naming rather than just the descriptive characteristics associated with a term. While descriptive theories argue that a name refers based on specific properties or descriptions, causal-historical theory asserts that a name's reference arises from an initial naming event and is maintained through subsequent social interactions. This means that even if our descriptions change or are incomplete, the reference remains intact as long as there's a causal link back to that original naming.
• What role does 'baptism' play in the causal-historical theory, and why is it important for understanding reference?
  • 'Baptism' in the causal-historical theory refers to the initial act of naming an object, which establishes a direct connection between the name and its referent. This moment is crucial because it sets off a chain of communication where others learn to use the name in relation to that specific object. The importance lies in how this initial act influences all future references; as long as there are ongoing usages linked to that baptism, the name continues to refer accurately to its intended object, regardless of changing descriptions or interpretations over time.
• Evaluate how causal-historical theory addresses potential issues with identity and reference when dealing with non-actual objects or fictional entities.
  • Causal-historical theory addresses identity and reference issues concerning non-actual objects or fictional entities by asserting that references can be established through different modes of discourse. For example, when we talk about fictional characters, such as Sherlock Holmes, we trace back through cultural and literary contexts that inform our understanding. Even though these characters do not exist in reality, their names still have meaning because they are rooted in historical narratives and communal understandings. This theory allows for robust discussions about identity by showing how references persist even in contexts where traditional properties may not apply.

Related terms

Descriptive Theory of Reference: A theory that suggests a name refers to an object based on the set of descriptions or properties that define it.

Baptism: The initial act or event in which an object is named, establishing the first link in the causal chain of reference.

Rigid Designator: A term that refers to the same object in all possible worlds, regardless of the object's properties in those worlds.