Borobudur

Definition

Borobudur is a massive 9th-century Mahayana Buddhist temple located in Central Java, Indonesia, known for its intricate carvings and unique architectural design. This monumental structure reflects the influence of Buddhism's establishment in Southeast Asia and serves as a significant pilgrimage site, showcasing the artistic and cultural synthesis between Indian and local Javanese traditions.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Borobudur was constructed during the reign of the Sailendra Dynasty in the 9th century and is considered one of the largest Buddhist temples in the world.
2. The temple features six square platforms topped by three circular platforms, symbolizing the Buddhist cosmology of the universe.
3. It is adorned with over 2,600 relief panels that depict various teachings of Buddha and significant events from his life, providing insight into Buddhist philosophy.
4. Borobudur was abandoned in the 14th century as Buddhism declined in Java, later rediscovered in the 19th century and restored in the 20th century.
5. It is a UNESCO World Heritage Site and attracts millions of visitors annually, playing a vital role in promoting Buddhist tourism and cultural heritage in Indonesia.

Review Questions

• How does Borobudur reflect the integration of Buddhist beliefs into Javanese culture?
  • Borobudur exemplifies the integration of Buddhist beliefs into Javanese culture through its architectural style and decorative elements. The temple's design incorporates local artistic traditions while adhering to Buddhist cosmological principles. The detailed reliefs narrate Buddhist teachings and local myths, demonstrating how Buddhism was adapted to fit within Javanese cultural contexts, which allowed for a unique blend of spirituality and artistry.
• Analyze how the construction of Borobudur influenced the spread of Buddhism in Southeast Asia.
  • The construction of Borobudur significantly influenced the spread of Buddhism in Southeast Asia by serving as a prominent center for pilgrimage and religious education. Its grandeur attracted monks and devotees from surrounding regions, fostering an exchange of ideas and practices. Additionally, as a focal point for Mahayana Buddhism, Borobudur reinforced Buddhist teachings throughout Indonesia and beyond, contributing to the establishment of various monastic communities.
• Evaluate the historical significance of Borobudur's restoration efforts in the 20th century for both cultural heritage and tourism in Indonesia.
  • The restoration efforts of Borobudur in the 20th century are historically significant as they not only preserved an important piece of cultural heritage but also revitalized interest in Indonesian history and spirituality. These initiatives led to Borobudur being recognized as a UNESCO World Heritage Site, boosting tourism in the region. This influx of visitors has had lasting economic benefits while fostering greater appreciation for Indonesia's diverse cultural landscape and promoting intercultural dialogue through the lens of Buddhism.

Related terms

Mahayana Buddhism: A major branch of Buddhism that emphasizes the path of a Bodhisattva, focusing on the salvation of all beings and the importance of compassion.

Stupa: A dome-shaped structure that serves as a Buddhist shrine, often containing relics and used as a place for meditation and worship.

Javanese Culture: The rich cultural heritage of the Javanese people, which includes unique traditions, art forms, and belief systems influenced by Hinduism, Buddhism, and Islam.