Systematic Survey

Definition

A systematic survey is a methodical approach used in archaeology to locate and map archaeological sites within a designated area. This technique involves evenly spaced sampling, ensuring that data is collected consistently and comprehensively to form an accurate representation of the archaeological landscape. By employing systematic survey methods, archaeologists can identify patterns in human activity over time and determine the distribution of artifacts across a region.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Systematic surveys can be conducted using various techniques, including pedestrian survey, where teams walk predetermined paths to collect artifacts.
2. This method helps archaeologists gather quantitative data about the density and distribution of artifacts, which aids in site interpretation.
3. The effectiveness of a systematic survey often depends on the size of the area being surveyed and the resources available for research.
4. Systematic surveys are essential for understanding regional archaeology and how different sites relate to one another over time.
5. Results from systematic surveys can inform future excavation plans by identifying areas with high artifact concentrations that are worth exploring further.

Review Questions

• How does a systematic survey contribute to our understanding of past human behavior?
  • A systematic survey plays a crucial role in understanding past human behavior by providing comprehensive data about the distribution of artifacts and archaeological sites across a landscape. By systematically collecting and analyzing this data, archaeologists can identify patterns in settlement, resource use, and social organization. These insights allow researchers to reconstruct historical contexts and assess how human activities have changed over time in response to environmental and cultural factors.
• Discuss the advantages and limitations of using systematic surveys compared to other archaeological methods.
  • Systematic surveys offer significant advantages such as providing a broad overview of a region's archaeological potential without intrusive excavation. They allow for a detailed mapping of site distribution and artifact density. However, there are limitations, including the potential for missing deeper or more buried sites that may not be visible on the surface. Additionally, the effectiveness of surveys can be influenced by factors like terrain and vegetation, which may hinder visibility and accessibility.
• Evaluate the impact of systematic surveys on archaeological research methodologies and future excavations.
  • Systematic surveys have fundamentally transformed archaeological research methodologies by emphasizing data-driven approaches that inform future excavation strategies. By identifying regions with high artifact concentrations, these surveys prioritize areas for excavation that are likely to yield significant findings. This targeted approach not only enhances the efficiency of archaeological research but also maximizes resource use while contributing to broader understandings of historical human interactions with their environments.

Related terms

Archaeological Site: A specific location where evidence of past human activity has been preserved, such as tools, structures, or other artifacts.

Remote Sensing: The use of aerial photography or satellite imagery to identify and analyze archaeological features without direct excavation.

Site Distribution: The arrangement and frequency of archaeological sites across a given area, often analyzed to understand settlement patterns and resource usage.