Site identification

Definition

Site identification is the process of locating and recognizing archaeological sites based on various indicators, including topography, historical records, and environmental factors. This critical step in archaeology helps researchers determine where to focus their excavations and investigations, guiding them to areas with the potential for significant discoveries. By employing systematic survey techniques, archaeologists can map out the distribution of cultural remains and assess the archaeological potential of a given area.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Site identification is often conducted through surface surveys, where archaeologists walk across a landscape and visually inspect for artifacts or features.
2. Historical documents, such as maps or records of past settlements, can provide valuable clues that aid in the site identification process.
3. Technological advancements like GIS (Geographic Information Systems) enhance site identification by allowing researchers to analyze spatial data effectively.
4. Site identification is essential for cultural resource management, as it helps ensure that significant archaeological sites are preserved during development projects.
5. In some cases, local knowledge and community involvement play a crucial role in site identification, as residents may be aware of historically significant locations.

Review Questions

• How do archaeologists use surface surveys in the process of site identification?
  • Archaeologists conduct surface surveys by systematically walking across an area while looking for artifacts or features on the ground. This method allows them to gather information about the distribution of cultural materials and identify areas with potential archaeological significance. By recording the location and context of any finds during these surveys, researchers can create a preliminary map of the site, which informs further investigation and excavation strategies.
• Discuss the role of technological tools like GIS in enhancing the site identification process.
  • Technological tools such as GIS significantly enhance site identification by allowing archaeologists to visualize and analyze spatial data more effectively. GIS enables researchers to layer different types of information—such as topography, land use, and historical records—creating a comprehensive view of an area. This integration of data helps identify patterns and relationships that might indicate where archaeological sites are likely to be found, ultimately leading to more efficient survey planning and execution.
• Evaluate the impact of community involvement in site identification efforts and how it may change archaeological practices.
  • Community involvement in site identification can have a profound impact on archaeological practices by integrating local knowledge into research efforts. When archaeologists collaborate with local residents, they gain insights into historically significant locations that may not be documented in official records. This partnership fosters a sense of stewardship among community members regarding their heritage and encourages the protection of archaeological resources. Additionally, incorporating community perspectives can lead to more culturally sensitive approaches to site management and preservation.

Related terms

Archaeological Survey: A systematic examination of a landscape to locate and document archaeological sites and artifacts without excavation.

Remote Sensing: The use of aerial photography, satellite imagery, or other technologies to gather data about a site from a distance, assisting in site identification.

Contextual Analysis: The study of the spatial and temporal relationships between artifacts and features within a site to understand their significance.