Religious fundamentalism

Definition

Religious fundamentalism refers to a strict adherence to specific theological doctrines typically in reaction against modernity and secularism, often characterized by a desire to return to what are perceived as the foundational or original beliefs and practices of a faith. This term is commonly associated with movements within various religions that advocate for a literal interpretation of sacred texts and emphasize traditional values, often leading to a defensive posture against perceived threats from outside influences.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Religious fundamentalism often arises in response to cultural and social changes that are perceived as threatening to traditional beliefs and practices.
2. Fundamentalist movements can be found in many world religions, including Christianity, Islam, Hinduism, and Judaism.
3. Such movements typically emphasize literal interpretations of sacred texts, leading to a rejection of modernist interpretations and adaptations.
4. Fundamentalists may engage in activism to promote their beliefs, often seeking to influence public policy and social norms according to their values.
5. The rise of religious fundamentalism is often linked to political instability, social unrest, and economic challenges within communities.

Review Questions

• How does religious fundamentalism respond to modernity and secularism, and what are some common characteristics of these movements?
  • Religious fundamentalism often emerges as a reaction to modernity and secularism by seeking to reestablish traditional beliefs and practices that are seen as under threat. Common characteristics include a literal interpretation of sacred texts, a strong emphasis on returning to foundational teachings, and an advocacy for traditional values. Fundamentalist movements may also exhibit a defensive stance against perceived external threats and often mobilize to protect their beliefs within the public sphere.
• Discuss the implications of religious fundamentalism for social cohesion and conflict in diverse societies.
  • Religious fundamentalism can create significant challenges for social cohesion in diverse societies by fostering division along religious lines. While it can promote a sense of identity and belonging among adherents, it may also lead to increased tension with those who hold different beliefs or lifestyles. In some cases, this can escalate into conflict or violence when fundamentalists feel their values are being undermined or attacked by others within the society.
• Evaluate the role of political factors in the rise of religious fundamentalism globally in recent decades.
  • The rise of religious fundamentalism globally over recent decades can be evaluated through various political factors, such as globalization, conflict, and government repression. Political instability and economic challenges often contribute to individuals seeking solace in fundamentalist beliefs as a means of coping with uncertainty. Furthermore, state policies that marginalize certain religious groups can catalyze radicalization, pushing individuals toward fundamentalist ideologies as a form of resistance. This interplay between politics and religious identity has led to the proliferation of fundamentalist movements across different regions.

Related terms

Theocracy: A form of government in which religious leaders control the government, and the state's legal system is based on religious law.

Evangelicalism: A trans-denominational movement within Protestant Christianity that emphasizes the authority of the Bible, personal conversion experiences, and the importance of sharing faith.

Secularism: The principle of separating religion from political, social, and educational institutions, promoting a society where religion does not influence governance or public life.