Religious Fundamentalism

Definition

Religious fundamentalism refers to a strict adherence to specific theological doctrines typically in reaction against modernist theology and secularism. It often involves a desire to return to what is perceived as the original or 'pure' form of a faith, and can manifest in various ways, including literal interpretation of sacred texts and resistance to contemporary cultural changes. This movement has significantly influenced literature, particularly during times of Enlightenment critiques, as authors grappled with the tension between faith and reason.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Religious fundamentalism often arises as a reaction to perceived threats from modernity, such as secularism and scientific advancement.
2. Fundamentalist groups may emphasize moral absolutism and advocate for strict codes of conduct based on their religious texts.
3. Literary works from the Enlightenment period frequently critique fundamentalist views by promoting rational thought and questioning dogmatic beliefs.
4. The rise of religious fundamentalism can lead to conflict between traditional beliefs and progressive social movements, creating tension in various societies.
5. Fundamentalism is not limited to one religion; it can be found across multiple faith traditions, each responding differently to contemporary challenges.

Review Questions

• How does religious fundamentalism challenge the ideas presented during the Enlightenment regarding reason and faith?
  • Religious fundamentalism challenges Enlightenment ideas by rejecting the emphasis on reason as a primary means of understanding the world. While Enlightenment thinkers advocated for critical thinking and empirical evidence over tradition and dogma, fundamentalists cling to literal interpretations of scripture and absolute truths. This clash creates a significant tension in literature as authors explore themes of belief versus skepticism, often portraying fundamentalism as a counterpoint to Enlightenment ideals.
• Discuss the impact of religious fundamentalism on literature during periods of societal change and how authors responded to these movements.
  • During periods of societal change, religious fundamentalism significantly influenced literary themes and narratives. Authors responded by either critiquing the rigidity of fundamentalist beliefs or exploring the struggles faced by individuals caught between traditional faith and modernity. This resulted in works that examine the complexities of identity, morality, and belief systems, reflecting broader cultural tensions between progressive ideas and conservative values. Literature became a medium through which these conflicts were articulated, often leading to rich discussions about the role of faith in an evolving society.
• Evaluate the role that religious fundamentalism plays in shaping contemporary debates on morality and ethics within literature and society.
  • Religious fundamentalism plays a crucial role in shaping contemporary debates on morality and ethics, often polarizing opinions within literature and society. On one hand, it reinforces conservative values that appeal to certain audiences who seek stability in a rapidly changing world. On the other hand, it generates significant pushback from those advocating for pluralism and progressive ethics. This dynamic creates a fertile ground for literary exploration as authors grapple with the implications of moral absolutism versus relativism. As such, literature becomes an arena for examining how these conflicting views influence personal choices, societal norms, and political discourse.

Related terms

Secularism:

The principle of separating religion from political, social, and educational institutions, often emphasizing a non-religious or neutral stance in public life.

Modernism: A cultural and literary movement that emerged in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, characterized by a break from traditional forms and a quest for new ways of expression in response to rapid social change.

Literalism: The interpretation of texts, especially religious scriptures, in their most basic or explicit meaning, without considering metaphorical or contextual implications.