Sri Lanka

Definition

Sri Lanka is an island nation located in South Asia, known for its rich cultural heritage and significant historical role in the spread of Theravada Buddhism. The country has a diverse population that includes a majority of Sinhalese Buddhists, with Tamil Hindus, Muslims, and Christians also residing there. As a key location in the development and practice of Theravada Buddhism, Sri Lanka has played a vital role in preserving and promoting Buddhist teachings and traditions.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Sri Lanka is often referred to as the 'Cradle of Buddhism' because it was one of the first places outside India where Buddhism was established and flourished.
2. The arrival of Mahinda, the son of Emperor Ashoka, in the 3rd century BCE marked the beginning of Theravada Buddhism's spread in Sri Lanka.
3. The country has numerous UNESCO World Heritage Sites related to Buddhism, including the ancient cities of Anuradhapura and Polonnaruwa, which contain significant ruins and artifacts.
4. Sri Lanka's constitution recognizes Buddhism as the foremost religion, reflecting its historical importance and influence on national culture.
5. The practice of meditation and monastic life remains strong in Sri Lanka, with many temples serving as centers for spiritual learning and community support.

Review Questions

• How has Sri Lanka contributed to the preservation and promotion of Theravada Buddhism throughout its history?
  • Sri Lanka has been crucial in preserving Theravada Buddhism since its introduction in the 3rd century BCE. The island became a center for Buddhist scholarship and practice, producing important texts and commentaries that shaped the tradition. Notable figures like Buddhaghosa helped consolidate Buddhist teachings, while ancient sites such as Anuradhapura serve as lasting reminders of Sri Lanka's role in sustaining Theravada practices over centuries.
• In what ways does the cultural landscape of Sri Lanka reflect its identity as a predominantly Buddhist nation?
  • The cultural landscape of Sri Lanka is heavily influenced by its Buddhist heritage, evident in its architecture, art, festivals, and daily life. Temples adorned with intricate sculptures and paintings are common, showcasing the country's artistic expressions linked to Buddhist themes. Furthermore, national celebrations often revolve around significant Buddhist events such as Vesak, emphasizing the integration of religious observance into Sri Lankan society.
• Evaluate the impact of colonialism on Theravada Buddhism in Sri Lanka and how it has shaped contemporary practices.
  • Colonialism had profound effects on Theravada Buddhism in Sri Lanka, as British rule introduced Western ideologies that challenged traditional beliefs. However, this also led to a revival movement among Buddhists who sought to reclaim their cultural identity. Contemporary practices reflect this blend of resilience and adaptation; modern Buddhist organizations often promote social welfare and educational initiatives while still upholding traditional rituals. This dual influence illustrates how Sri Lanka's Buddhist community navigates its historical legacy while addressing present-day challenges.

Related terms

Theravada Buddhism: The oldest surviving branch of Buddhism, which emphasizes individual meditation and insight to attain enlightenment and nirvana.

Anuradhapura: An ancient city in Sri Lanka that was the center of Theravada Buddhism for many centuries and is home to some of the oldest Buddhist monuments and sacred sites.

Buddhaghosa: A 5th-century Indian scholar who played a critical role in the development of Theravada Buddhism through his writings, particularly the Visuddhimagga, which outlines the path to enlightenment.