New social movement theory

Definition

New social movement theory is an approach to understanding collective action and social movements that emerged in the late 20th century, focusing on identity, culture, and social change rather than just economic factors. It emphasizes the role of non-material issues, like environmentalism, feminism, and human rights, in shaping movements, highlighting how these groups mobilize around shared identities and cultural meanings.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. New social movement theory emerged as a response to traditional theories that focused primarily on economic factors and class struggle, introducing a broader perspective that includes cultural and social dimensions.
2. This theory highlights how movements often arise from marginalized identities, using personal experiences to drive collective action toward social justice.
3. Environmental movements, LGBTQ+ rights activism, and anti-globalization protests are key examples of movements analyzed through the lens of new social movement theory.
4. New social movements frequently utilize modern communication technologies, such as social media, to organize, mobilize supporters, and share their messages globally.
5. The theory underscores the importance of grassroots participation and local knowledge in shaping the goals and strategies of contemporary movements.

Review Questions

• How does new social movement theory differ from traditional theories of social movements in terms of focus and context?
  • New social movement theory differs from traditional theories by shifting focus from purely economic factors and class struggle to include identity, culture, and non-material issues. While traditional theories often emphasized labor and economic injustices as primary motivators for collective action, new social movement theory highlights how movements arise from a variety of cultural grievances and identity-based experiences. This broader understanding allows for a more nuanced view of contemporary social movements, such as environmentalism and feminism.
• What role do collective identity and framing play in the success of social movements according to new social movement theory?
  • Collective identity is crucial in fostering a sense of belonging among members of a social movement, enabling individuals to connect their personal experiences with the larger goals of the movement. Framing plays an equally important role as it involves constructing narratives that resonate with both participants and the broader public. By effectively framing their issues and building a strong collective identity, movements can garner support, mobilize resources, and create impactful change in society.
• Evaluate the impact of modern communication technologies on new social movements as explained by new social movement theory.
  • Modern communication technologies have significantly transformed new social movements by providing platforms for organizing, sharing information, and mobilizing supporters on a global scale. These tools enable movements to reach a wider audience quickly, allowing them to raise awareness about their causes and garner support across geographic boundaries. The ability to communicate instantaneously has also shifted power dynamics within movements, empowering grassroots activists and facilitating diverse voices within the struggle for change.

Related terms

Collective Identity: A shared sense of belonging among members of a social movement, which fosters unity and mobilization based on common experiences and values.

Framing Theory: The process by which social movements construct meanings and narratives around issues to influence public perception and mobilize support.

Postmodernism: A philosophical approach that critiques grand narratives and emphasizes the fluidity of identities and social realities, influencing the development of new social movements.