New social movement theory

Definition

New social movement theory is an approach that seeks to understand the emergence, dynamics, and impacts of social movements that have arisen since the 1960s, focusing on issues of identity, culture, and social change rather than traditional economic or political factors. This theory emphasizes the role of grassroots activism and the influence of post-materialist values, highlighting how movements such as feminism, environmentalism, and LGBTQ+ rights reflect deeper cultural shifts and personal identities in society.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. New social movement theory emerged in the context of the civil rights movements of the 1960s and 1970s, which highlighted issues beyond traditional class struggle.
2. It shifts focus from economic factors to cultural and identity-based concerns, recognizing the importance of personal experiences and collective identity.
3. The theory emphasizes the significance of networks and grassroots organization in mobilizing support and fostering participation in social movements.
4. New social movements often utilize modern communication methods, like social media, to enhance outreach and engagement among diverse populations.
5. It has broadened the scope of social movements to include a variety of issues such as gender equality, environmental justice, and global human rights.

Review Questions

• How does new social movement theory differ from traditional theories of social movements?
  • New social movement theory differs from traditional theories primarily by focusing on cultural and identity-related issues rather than just economic or political factors. While traditional theories often center on class struggle and material interests, new social movement theory recognizes the importance of collective identities and values that resonate with personal experiences. This shift allows for a better understanding of contemporary movements addressing topics like feminism and environmentalism.
• What role does collective identity play in the success of movements according to new social movement theory?
  • Collective identity is crucial to the success of movements as it fosters a sense of belonging among participants. According to new social movement theory, when individuals identify with a shared cause or experience, they are more likely to engage in activism and mobilization efforts. This shared identity strengthens the movement's impact by creating solidarity, enhancing commitment, and encouraging broader participation.
• Evaluate the impact of post-materialist values on the formation of new social movements as explained by new social movement theory.
  • Post-materialist values have significantly influenced the formation of new social movements by shifting priorities from material needs towards self-expression and quality of life issues. This transformation encourages individuals to advocate for causes such as environmental protection and human rights, reflecting deeper cultural changes in society. As these movements gain traction, they challenge established norms and contribute to a more inclusive understanding of activism that transcends traditional economic concerns.

Related terms

Collective Identity: A shared sense of belonging and identity among members of a social movement, often shaped by common experiences and goals.

Social Capital: The networks, relationships, and norms that facilitate cooperation and collective action within a community or society.

Post-materialism: A value orientation that prioritizes non-materialistic goals such as self-expression, quality of life, and environmental sustainability over economic concerns.