Entablature

Definition

An entablature is a horizontal structure supported by columns, typically found in classical architecture. It serves as the framework for the upper part of a building and is divided into three main sections: the architrave, frieze, and cornice. The design and details of the entablature are influenced by the order of the columns it rests upon, playing a crucial role in the aesthetics and structural integrity of Greek temples, showcasing variations in Greek architectural styles and later revivals.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. The entablature is a defining feature of classical architecture, notably in Greek temples where it harmonizes with the columns below.
2. Each Greek order—Doric, Ionic, and Corinthian—has distinct styles and proportions for its entablature, reflecting their respective aesthetics.
3. In Greek Revival architecture, entablatures were often reinterpreted to convey a sense of grandeur and nostalgia for ancient Greek forms.
4. The frieze within an entablature often featured decorative reliefs or inscriptions that conveyed cultural narratives or commemorated significant events.
5. The cornice of the entablature not only provides visual emphasis but also serves practical purposes by directing water away from the building.

Review Questions

• How does the design of the entablature vary between different Greek orders, and what impact does this have on the overall appearance of a temple?
  • The design of the entablature varies significantly between the Doric, Ionic, and Corinthian orders. The Doric order has a simple and sturdy entablature that emphasizes strength, while the Ionic features more ornate details that add elegance. The Corinthian order showcases an elaborately decorated entablature with intricate designs, enhancing the temple's grandeur. This variation not only reflects each order's aesthetic principles but also influences how viewers perceive the overall character and purpose of the temple.
• Discuss how the entablature contributes to both structural stability and aesthetic appeal in Greek temples.
  • The entablature plays a critical role in both structural stability and aesthetic appeal in Greek temples. Structurally, it distributes weight from the roof to the columns below, helping to maintain balance and support for large spans. Aesthetically, the entablature adds a horizontal emphasis that contrasts with the verticality of columns. Its divisions into architrave, frieze, and cornice allow for decoration that enhances visual interest while adhering to architectural proportions that define classical beauty.
• Evaluate the significance of the entablature in influencing later architectural movements, such as Greek Revival, and its role in shaping cultural identity.
  • The significance of the entablature extends beyond classical architecture into later movements like Greek Revival, where it served as a symbol of democratic ideals and cultural heritage. Architects sought to emulate classical forms to evoke notions of stability and permanence in their structures. The reinterpretation of the entablature during this period helped to shape cultural identity by linking contemporary buildings with ancient Greek values of beauty and civic pride. Thus, the entablature became a powerful emblem in both architectural language and societal aspirations.

Related terms

Architrave: The lowest section of an entablature, directly resting on the capitals of columns, often serving as a beam that supports the structure above.

Frieze: The middle section of an entablature, typically decorated with reliefs or inscriptions, providing visual interest and narrative elements in classical architecture.

Cornice: The uppermost part of an entablature that projects out from the wall, often elaborately designed to create a visual termination for the building's facade.