Supreme Court of Canada

Definition

The Supreme Court of Canada is the highest court in the country, established to ensure the rule of law and interpret the Constitution. It serves as the final court of appeal, resolving legal disputes and interpreting laws that affect all Canadians. This court plays a crucial role in shaping Canadian law and protecting rights and freedoms under the Constitution, especially during the early challenges and successes of the new nation.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. The Supreme Court was established in 1875, providing a formal structure for judicial review in Canada.
2. It was initially composed of only three judges but has since expanded to nine justices who hear cases from across the country.
3. The Court addresses significant issues such as federalism, civil rights, and social justice, making landmark decisions that influence Canadian society.
4. In its early years, the Supreme Court dealt with various cases that defined the relationship between provincial and federal powers under the Constitution Act.
5. The Supreme Court's decisions have often set important precedents that guide lower courts and help to shape public policy in Canada.

Review Questions

• How did the establishment of the Supreme Court of Canada in 1875 impact the development of Canada's legal system?
  • The establishment of the Supreme Court of Canada marked a significant development in Canada's legal system by providing a centralized authority for judicial matters. It ensured that legal disputes could be resolved uniformly across provinces, reinforcing the rule of law. The Court's role in interpreting laws and constitutional matters helped define federalism in Canada, balancing power between provincial and national governments.
• In what ways has the Supreme Court influenced major legal issues regarding civil rights since its inception?
  • Since its inception, the Supreme Court has played a pivotal role in addressing civil rights issues in Canada. Landmark cases have set precedents that protect individual rights and freedoms, such as decisions on equality rights under the Charter. The Court has also addressed social justice issues like Indigenous rights and gender equality, shaping public policy and promoting a more equitable society.
• Evaluate the significance of the Supreme Court's role during early challenges faced by Canada as a new nation.
  • During the early challenges faced by Canada as a new nation, the Supreme Court was vital in establishing a stable legal framework. It interpreted laws that governed relationships between provinces and the federal government, addressing conflicts that arose from confederation. The Court's decisions laid foundational principles for governance and helped build trust in Canada's legal institutions, ultimately contributing to national unity and development.

Related terms

Judicial Review: The power of the courts to review laws and actions of the government to ensure they comply with the Constitution.

Constitution Act, 1867: The act that united the original provinces of Canada and established the framework for Canada's government, including the judicial system.

Charter of Rights and Freedoms: Part of the Constitution Act, 1982, which guarantees fundamental rights and freedoms for all Canadians.