Epicureanism

Definition

Epicureanism is a philosophical system founded by Epicurus that emphasizes the pursuit of happiness through the cultivation of pleasure and the avoidance of pain. This philosophy advocates for a life of moderation, intellectual reflection, and the attainment of ataraxia, or tranquility, as the ultimate state of well-being.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Epicurus believed that not all pleasures are worth pursuing; instead, he emphasized the importance of distinguishing between necessary and unnecessary pleasures.
2. The philosophy promotes friendship as one of the greatest sources of happiness, arguing that social connections contribute significantly to a fulfilling life.
3. Epicureanism also incorporates an atomistic view of the universe, following the ideas of Democritus and Leucippus, suggesting that everything is made up of atoms moving in the void.
4. Epicureans argue that fear of gods and death leads to unnecessary anxiety; thus, understanding the nature of reality helps alleviate such fears.
5. This school of thought was one of the major philosophical movements during the Hellenistic period, offering a counterpoint to Stoicism by focusing on personal happiness rather than duty.

Review Questions

• How does Epicureanism relate to the concept of eudaimonia in terms of achieving happiness?
  • Epicureanism aligns with the concept of eudaimonia by emphasizing that true happiness comes from achieving a state of pleasure and tranquility. For Epicurus, eudaimonia is not found in excessive indulgence but rather in simple pleasures and a balanced life. This perspective highlights how moderation and intellectual reflection contribute to a more profound sense of fulfillment compared to fleeting pleasures.
• In what ways does Epicurean ethics challenge traditional views on pleasure and moral virtues?
  • Epicurean ethics challenges traditional views by redefining pleasure as central to moral virtue. Unlike some philosophical systems that view pleasure as inherently selfish or immoral, Epicurus argued that true pleasure is tied to living virtuously and harmoniously with others. By promoting friendship and intellectual pursuits as essential sources of happiness, Epicurean ethics reframes moral virtues as pathways to experiencing genuine pleasure.
• Evaluate how the ideas presented in Epicureanism address criticisms of Plato's political theory regarding the nature of happiness and societal well-being.
  • Epicureanism presents a distinct counterpoint to Plato's vision by suggesting that individual happiness can be achieved outside the confines of an ideal state. While Plato emphasized collective virtue and justice as foundational for societal well-being, Epicurus argued that personal happiness stems from individual choices based on simple pleasures and avoidance of pain. This shift focuses on personal fulfillment rather than societal ideals, illustrating a more pragmatic approach to understanding what constitutes a good life.

Related terms

Ataraxia: A state of serene calmness and freedom from emotional disturbance and anxiety, considered essential for achieving happiness in Epicureanism.

Hedonism: A philosophical perspective that posits pleasure as the highest good and primary motivation for human behavior, which is a core tenet in Epicurean thought.

Pleasure: In the context of Epicureanism, pleasure refers to the enjoyment of life through simple pleasures, intellectual pursuits, and meaningful relationships, as opposed to indulgence in excess.