Rise of Nationalism

Definition

The rise of nationalism refers to the growing sense of national identity and pride among people, often leading to the desire for self-governance and independence from larger empires or foreign powers. This movement gained momentum in Europe during the late medieval period, influenced by cultural, social, and political changes, especially in the context of ongoing conflicts like the Hundred Years' War.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Nationalism emerged as a reaction against feudal loyalties and external rule during the 14th and 15th centuries, particularly in England and France amidst the Hundred Years' War.
2. The conflict intensified feelings of unity among populations as they rallied around common identities, languages, and histories against foreign adversaries.
3. Nationalistic sentiments were often fueled by literature, art, and cultural expressions that highlighted unique national identities and historical narratives.
4. The formation of armies during the Hundred Years' War fostered a sense of belonging and common purpose among soldiers and citizens alike, contributing to nationalist feelings.
5. By the end of the Hundred Years' War, both England and France began transitioning toward more centralized states with a stronger sense of national identity.

Review Questions

• How did the Hundred Years' War contribute to the rise of nationalism in England and France?
  • The Hundred Years' War played a significant role in fostering nationalism as it created a common enemy in the opposing nation, uniting people under a shared identity. As the war progressed, both English and French populations began to identify more strongly with their nations rather than local feudal allegiances. The struggles faced during the war led to a sense of pride and patriotism, as people rallied around their kings and cultures to defend their homelands.
• In what ways did cultural expressions during the Hundred Years' War promote nationalist feelings among the populace?
  • Cultural expressions such as literature, music, and art during the Hundred Years' War served to promote nationalist feelings by highlighting themes of heroism, sacrifice, and shared heritage. Works that celebrated national figures like Joan of Arc or chronicled victories against foreign foes instilled pride within communities. These narratives helped shape collective identities, fostering unity among people who might have otherwise identified more with local lords or regions.
• Evaluate the impact of nationalism that emerged from conflicts like the Hundred Years' War on the future political landscape of Europe.
  • The nationalism that emerged from conflicts like the Hundred Years' War had profound impacts on Europe's political landscape. It laid the groundwork for the emergence of modern nation-states by encouraging populations to seek sovereignty and self-determination. As people began identifying more strongly with their nations rather than feudal loyalties, this shift contributed to significant political changes, including the decline of feudalism and increased centralization of power. Nationalistic fervor would continue to influence European politics well into the modern era, shaping wars, revolutions, and national boundaries.

Related terms

Feudalism: A social and economic system prevalent in medieval Europe, where land was held by nobles in exchange for military service and loyalty, limiting the development of national identities.

Patriotism: A strong emotional attachment to one's nation, often expressed through pride in its culture, history, and achievements, which can fuel nationalist sentiments.

Sovereignty: The authority of a state to govern itself without external interference, which became a crucial concept as nationalist movements sought to establish independent nations.