Social model of disability

Definition

The social model of disability emphasizes that disability is primarily a result of societal barriers and not solely a consequence of individual impairments. This perspective shifts the focus from 'fixing' the person to addressing the external factors that create obstacles, such as discrimination, lack of accessibility, and social attitudes. Understanding this model is essential for promoting inclusion through legislation, benefits programs, and workplace accommodations.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. The social model of disability was developed in response to the limitations of the medical model, which viewed disability as a deficiency needing treatment.
2. Legislation like the Americans with Disabilities Act has been influenced by the social model, pushing for accessibility in public spaces and equal rights for individuals with disabilities.
3. Social Security Disability Insurance and Supplemental Security Income programs reflect aspects of the social model by acknowledging the impact of societal barriers on individuals’ ability to work.
4. Employment policies that adhere to the social model advocate for workplace accommodations that remove barriers and allow individuals with disabilities to thrive professionally.
5. A key aspect of the social model is the call for societal change in attitudes towards disabilities, promoting understanding and acceptance rather than stigmatization.

Review Questions

• How does the social model of disability contrast with the medical model in understanding disability?
  • The social model of disability contrasts sharply with the medical model by focusing on societal barriers rather than individual impairments. While the medical model sees disability as something to be treated or fixed, the social model emphasizes that it is society's failure to accommodate differences that creates disability. This perspective encourages a shift towards modifying environments and attitudes instead of just addressing personal health issues.
• In what ways has the Americans with Disabilities Act been influenced by the social model of disability?
  • The Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) reflects principles of the social model by aiming to eliminate barriers that prevent individuals with disabilities from participating fully in society. By mandating accessibility in public spaces and workplaces, the ADA shifts responsibility from individuals to society at large. The law promotes inclusivity by requiring reasonable accommodations and accessibility measures that support individuals in overcoming societal obstacles.
• Evaluate the impact of the social model of disability on employment policies and how they shape workplace accommodations.
  • The impact of the social model on employment policies is significant as it advocates for inclusive practices that support individuals with disabilities in the workforce. By recognizing that disabling conditions often stem from societal barriers, these policies encourage employers to implement reasonable accommodations such as flexible work arrangements or modified equipment. This shift not only enhances access to employment for disabled individuals but also fosters a more diverse workplace culture that values different abilities and perspectives.

Related terms

Disability Rights Movement: A social movement advocating for the rights and inclusion of people with disabilities, focusing on removing barriers and challenging societal perceptions.

Universal Design: An approach to design that ensures products and environments are accessible to all people, regardless of their abilities or disabilities.

Inclusion: The practice of ensuring that individuals, regardless of their abilities, are included and have equal access to opportunities in all areas of society.