Social model of disability

Definition

The social model of disability is a framework that views disability not as an individual impairment but as a societal issue arising from the interaction between individuals and their environment. It emphasizes how barriers in society, such as inaccessible buildings or negative attitudes, contribute to the experience of disability, rather than the physical or mental condition of the individual themselves. This perspective advocates for change in society to promote inclusivity and accessibility for all.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. The social model originated in the 1970s as a response to the limitations of the medical model, aiming to shift focus from individual deficits to societal barriers.
2. This model encourages activism and policy changes that promote the rights and inclusion of people with disabilities in all aspects of life.
3. It highlights the importance of changing societal attitudes and perceptions about disability to foster understanding and acceptance.
4. The social model has significantly influenced legislation, such as the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA), which aims to eliminate discrimination based on disability.
5. In media representation, applying the social model can challenge stereotypes and promote authentic portrayals of disabled individuals, showcasing their contributions to society.

Review Questions

• How does the social model of disability differ from the medical model in terms of addressing disability?
  • The social model of disability differs from the medical model by focusing on societal barriers rather than individual impairments. While the medical model seeks to treat or 'fix' individuals based on their disabilities, the social model emphasizes the need for societal change to remove obstacles and promote inclusivity. This shift allows for a more comprehensive understanding of disability as a complex interaction between individuals and their environments.
• What role does activism play in promoting the principles of the social model of disability?
  • Activism is crucial in promoting the principles of the social model of disability as it advocates for systemic change and awareness. Activists work to challenge discriminatory policies, raise public consciousness about accessibility issues, and encourage inclusive practices across various sectors. By highlighting societal barriers and pushing for legal reforms, activism helps shift perceptions and fosters environments where individuals with disabilities can thrive.
• Evaluate how media representation can impact societal attitudes towards disability through the lens of the social model.
  • Media representation significantly impacts societal attitudes toward disability by shaping perceptions and narratives. Through the lens of the social model, when media showcases disabled individuals in diverse roles—beyond stereotypes—it highlights their contributions and challenges societal barriers. This can lead to greater empathy, understanding, and advocacy for accessibility, ultimately fostering a more inclusive society that values all individuals regardless of their abilities.

Related terms

Medical model of disability: A perspective that views disability primarily as a health issue, focusing on the individual's impairments and seeking medical treatment or rehabilitation to 'fix' the person.

Ableism: Discrimination or social prejudice against people with disabilities, rooted in the belief that typical abilities are superior.

Accessibility: The design and implementation of products, devices, services, or environments to be usable by people with disabilities without additional adaptations.