Mycorrhiza

Definition

Mycorrhiza is a symbiotic association between fungi and plant roots, enhancing nutrient and water absorption. This relationship benefits both the plant and the fungus.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Mycorrhizae are crucial for the growth of most terrestrial plants.
2. There are two main types of mycorrhizae: ectomycorrhiza and arbuscular mycorrhiza.
3. Ectomycorrhizal fungi form a sheath around plant roots, while arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi penetrate root cells.
4. Mycorrhizal associations increase the surface area for water and nutrient absorption.
5. Plants with mycorrhizal relationships often exhibit increased resistance to soil-borne pathogens.

Review Questions

• What are the two main types of mycorrhizae?
• How do mycorrhizal associations benefit plants?
• What distinguishes ectomycorrhizal fungi from arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi?

Related terms

Symbiosis: A close and often long-term interaction between two different biological species.

Fungi: A kingdom of spore-producing organisms that feed on organic matter, including molds, yeast, mushrooms, and toadstools.

Root System: The part of a plant that anchors it in the soil, absorbs water and nutrients, and stores food.