Mycorrhiza

Definition

Mycorrhiza is a symbiotic association between fungi and plant roots. This relationship enhances nutrient and water uptake for plants while supplying the fungi with carbohydrates.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Mycorrhizae improve plant growth by increasing the surface area for water and nutrient absorption.
2. There are two main types of mycorrhizal associations: arbuscular mycorrhizae (AM) and ectomycorrhizae (EM).
3. Arbuscular mycorrhizae penetrate the root cells of the host plant, forming structures called arbuscules.
4. Ectomycorrhizae form a sheath around the roots and do not penetrate root cells.
5. Mycorrhizal relationships can influence plant biodiversity, soil structure, and ecosystem stability.

Review Questions

• What are the two main types of mycorrhizal associations?
• How do mycorrhizae benefit plant growth?
• In what way do arbuscular mycorrhizae differ from ectomycorrhizae?

Related terms

Symbiosis: A close and long-term biological interaction between two different biological organisms.

Hyphae: The branching filaments that make up the mycelium of a fungus.

Rhizosphere: The region of soil in the vicinity of plant roots that is influenced by root secretions and associated microbial activity.