Model organisms

Definition

Model organisms are non-human species that are extensively studied to understand biological processes. They have genetic, developmental, or physiological similarities to humans and are easy to maintain in a laboratory setting.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Model organisms like fruit flies (Drosophila melanogaster) and mice (Mus musculus) have been pivotal in genetic studies.
2. They help in studying gene function and regulation, disease mechanisms, and drug testing.
3. The genome of model organisms is often fully sequenced, providing a valuable reference for genetic research.
4. Simple maintenance and short generation times make model organisms ideal for experimental manipulation.
5. Ethical considerations are less stringent compared to human subjects, making them ideal for preliminary research.

Review Questions

• What characteristics make an organism a good model organism?
• Why is the genome sequencing of model organisms important?
• Name two commonly used model organisms and their primary use in research.

Related terms

Genomics: The study of genomes, including the analysis of gene structure, function, evolution, and mapping.

Proteomics: The large-scale study of proteins, particularly their structures and functions.

Transgenic Organisms: Organisms that have had genes from another species inserted into their genome through genetic engineering techniques.