Cunning

Definition

Cunning refers to the ability to achieve one's goals through cleverness and deceit, often involving a degree of craftiness or slyness. In the context of storytelling, especially in epic poetry like the Odyssey, cunning is a vital trait that characters use to navigate complex situations and overcome challenges, revealing deeper themes of intelligence versus brute force.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Odysseus is often seen as the quintessential example of cunning in the Odyssey, famously using his wits to escape from the Cyclops by calling himself 'Nobody'.
2. Cunning plays a significant role in Odysseus' encounters with various characters, highlighting the importance of intelligence in achieving success over mere physical strength.
3. The contrast between cunning and straightforward heroism is a recurring theme, as characters who rely solely on strength often face failure compared to those who use their wits.
4. Cunning is also portrayed through the actions of other characters in the Odyssey, such as Penelope, who uses clever strategies to delay her suitors.
5. The use of cunning illustrates broader themes of identity and deception within the narrative, as characters must navigate a world filled with ambiguity and uncertainty.

Review Questions

• How does Odysseus embody the concept of cunning throughout his journey in the Odyssey?
  • Odysseus embodies cunning through his resourcefulness and quick thinking in challenging situations. His escape from the Cyclops by telling Polyphemus his name is 'Nobody' showcases how he uses cleverness to turn danger into an advantage. This pattern continues throughout his journey, where he outsmarts various enemies and obstacles rather than relying on brute strength.
• Analyze the significance of cunning in the contrast between Odysseus and other heroic figures in the Odyssey.
  • Cunning serves as a distinguishing trait that sets Odysseus apart from other heroes who rely on physical prowess. While traditional heroism is often associated with martial strength and bravery, Odysseus’s clever tactics illustrate that intellect can be just as powerful. This theme emphasizes that success in difficult circumstances can stem from wit rather than mere might.
• Evaluate how the use of cunning affects the themes of identity and deception within the Odyssey.
  • The use of cunning significantly impacts the themes of identity and deception in the Odyssey by blurring lines between truth and falsehood. Characters frequently manipulate perceptions to achieve their aims, reflecting the complex nature of identity. Odysseus's various disguises and strategies lead to deeper questions about authenticity and role-playing, showcasing how survival often depends on adaptability and shrewdness in a world rife with uncertainties.

Related terms

Guile: Guile is the skill in achieving goals through deception and clever strategies, often used interchangeably with cunning but can imply a more strategic aspect.

Heroism: Heroism involves acts of bravery and noble qualities, often contrasted with cunning, as heroes may rely on strength while cunning characters rely on intellect.

Trickery: Trickery involves using deceit or clever strategies to outsmart others, often a key component in the actions of cunning characters.