Cunning

Definition

Cunning refers to the ability to achieve goals through cleverness, resourcefulness, and sometimes deceit. In the context of Greek and Roman myths, this trait is often associated with heroes and characters who navigate complex challenges using their wits rather than sheer strength or brute force. Cunning highlights the strategic aspect of heroism, showcasing how intellect can be just as powerful as physical prowess in overcoming obstacles.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Odysseus is often seen as the quintessential cunning hero, using his intellect to escape from dangerous situations, such as when he tricks Polyphemus the Cyclops.
2. In The Iliad, cunning is contrasted with the straightforward valor of characters like Achilles, who rely more on physical strength than cleverness.
3. Agamemnon’s cunning is revealed through his political maneuvers and decision-making skills during the Trojan War, showing that leadership requires both strength and strategy.
4. Cunning can sometimes lead to downfall; for example, characters who rely too heavily on deceit may face consequences or betrayals of their own.
5. Women in myths often exhibit cunning as a form of empowerment, using their wits to influence events and assert their agency in a male-dominated world.

Review Questions

• How does Odysseus exemplify the trait of cunning in his adventures?
  • Odysseus exemplifies cunning through his resourcefulness and strategic thinking. For instance, when he encounters Polyphemus, he cleverly devises a plan to blind the Cyclops and escape by identifying himself as 'Nobody.' This use of wit over brute strength highlights how Odysseus navigates challenges effectively and reinforces his status as a cunning hero in Greek mythology.
• In what ways does the concept of cunning differentiate between characters like Achilles and Agamemnon?
  • The concept of cunning sets characters like Agamemnon apart from Achilles by emphasizing their different approaches to heroism. While Achilles embodies raw strength and valor on the battlefield, Agamemnon often relies on cunning and political acumen to lead his forces. This contrast illustrates that heroism can take many forms, with cunning being an essential aspect of effective leadership and strategy during the Trojan War.
• Evaluate the role of cunning in shaping female characters within Greek mythology. How does this influence their agency?
  • Cunning plays a significant role in shaping female characters in Greek mythology, allowing them to navigate patriarchal structures creatively. Women like Penelope display cunning through their intelligence and resourcefulness, such as when she deceives her suitors by weaving a tapestry during Odysseus's absence. This ability to use wits instead of physical force grants these characters agency and influence, showing that cunning is a powerful tool for overcoming challenges within their narrative contexts.

Related terms

Guile: The use of cleverness and deceit to achieve a goal or outsmart an opponent.

Trickster:

A character type often found in mythology and folklore, known for using wit and deception to achieve their aims.

Heroic Strategy: The planning and tactics employed by heroes to overcome challenges, emphasizing intelligence over brute strength.