Puritanism

Definition

Puritanism was a religious reform movement within the Church of England that emerged in the late 16th century, aiming to purify the church of its remaining Catholic practices. It emphasized strict moral codes, community cohesion, and a deep commitment to personal piety, shaping the social and political landscapes in colonial New England.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Puritanism played a significant role in the establishment of Massachusetts Bay Colony, where Puritan values shaped political and social life.
2. Puritans believed in predestination, which meant they thought that only a select few were chosen for salvation, creating a culture of introspection and self-examination.
3. The Puritans placed great emphasis on literacy, believing that individuals should read the Bible for themselves, leading to high literacy rates in their communities.
4. Conflicts with Native Americans arose as Puritans sought to expand their settlements, leading to events such as King Philip's War in the late 17th century.
5. Puritanism influenced American values such as hard work, frugality, and a strong sense of community, which have persisted in American culture.

Review Questions

• How did Puritanism influence the establishment of early colonial settlements?
  • Puritanism heavily influenced the establishment of early colonial settlements, particularly in New England. The Puritans sought to create a 'city upon a hill,' a model society based on their religious beliefs. Their commitment to community and moral rectitude shaped the governance and social structures within settlements like Massachusetts Bay Colony, leading to a society that prioritized religious observance and conformity.
• Discuss the role of education within Puritan society and its impact on community life.
  • Education was highly valued in Puritan society, driven by the belief that individuals should read the Bible independently. This led to the establishment of schools and an emphasis on literacy among both men and women. The focus on education not only fostered informed citizens but also reinforced communal ties as everyone engaged with shared religious texts and moral teachings. This commitment to learning contributed to a literate and cohesive society, shaping future American educational practices.
• Evaluate how the core beliefs of Puritanism laid the groundwork for social and cultural changes in 18th-century New England.
  • The core beliefs of Puritanism had lasting effects that evolved throughout the 18th century. As new ideas emerged from the Enlightenment and Great Awakening, Puritan values like individual piety began to coexist with broader notions of religious tolerance and personal freedom. This shift led to a transformation in social norms, including challenges to strict adherence to traditional religious practices. Consequently, while maintaining some aspects of their heritage, Puritans adapted their beliefs to address changing societal dynamics, influencing the development of American identity.

Related terms

Separatists: A subgroup of Puritans who believed that the Church of England was beyond reform and sought to establish independent congregations.

Covenant: An agreement or promise between God and the Puritans, central to their belief system, emphasizing the importance of living according to God's laws.

Theocracy: A system of government in which priests or religious leaders govern in the name of God, reflecting how Puritan communities often operated under strict religious rule.