Puritanism

Definition

Puritanism was a religious reform movement that emerged in the late 16th and early 17th centuries, advocating for a more rigorous and pure form of worship and church governance within Protestantism. Puritans sought to 'purify' the Church of England from what they viewed as remnants of Catholicism and emphasized personal piety, moral discipline, and a strong communal ethos. This movement significantly influenced the cultural and artistic landscape of early colonial America.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Puritans played a significant role in settling New England, with their values shaping the region's social and cultural norms.
2. The Puritan emphasis on literacy led to the establishment of schools and an educated populace, as they believed everyone should read the Bible.
3. Art among the Puritans was often utilitarian, focusing on functionality rather than aesthetics, which limited the development of visual arts in their communities.
4. Puritan beliefs included a strong work ethic and a commitment to community, which contributed to the development of a distinctive American identity.
5. The legacy of Puritanism can be seen in various aspects of American culture, including literature, education, and ideas about morality and governance.

Review Questions

• How did Puritanism influence the development of early American art and culture?
  • Puritanism had a profound impact on early American art and culture by promoting utilitarian values that prioritized functionality over aesthetics. This meant that visual arts were often minimal or absent as Puritans believed that elaborate imagery could lead to idolatry. Additionally, their focus on moral discipline and community living shaped social customs and community structures, fostering a distinct cultural identity that would influence future generations.
• In what ways did the educational practices promoted by Puritans contribute to broader societal changes in colonial America?
  • Puritans placed a high value on literacy as they believed everyone should read the Bible. This led to the establishment of schools in New England, which resulted in a more educated population. The emphasis on education not only facilitated greater religious understanding but also contributed to civic engagement and informed discourse within communities. This focus on literacy helped lay the groundwork for future American values surrounding education and democracy.
• Evaluate the lasting impact of Puritan beliefs on contemporary American society and its values.
  • The lasting impact of Puritan beliefs can be seen in contemporary American society through its emphasis on hard work, moral responsibility, and community values. These ideals have permeated various aspects of American culture, including business ethics and social conduct. Moreover, concepts like individualism and self-governance can be traced back to Puritan thought. As America continues to grapple with issues related to morality, education, and community involvement, the foundational principles laid by Puritans remain relevant in shaping modern societal norms.

Related terms

Calvinism: A branch of Protestant theology based on the teachings of John Calvin, emphasizing predestination, the sovereignty of God, and the necessity of grace through faith.

Iconoclasm: The rejection or destruction of religious images and icons, often associated with Puritan beliefs that condemned visual representations in worship.

The Great Awakening: A series of religious revivals in the American colonies during the 18th century that emphasized personal faith and emotional experiences over established church doctrines.