Shovel

Definition

A shovel is a tool with a broad blade and typically a long handle, used for digging, lifting, and moving bulk materials like soil, gravel, or sand. In archaeology, shovels are essential for excavation, allowing archaeologists to efficiently remove layers of earth while exposing artifacts and features crucial for stratigraphic analysis.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Shovels are typically made of metal or plastic and come in various shapes and sizes to accommodate different types of excavation work.
2. In archaeological excavations, shovels are used primarily in initial phases to remove large amounts of soil before more precise tools are employed.
3. Proper use of shovels helps maintain stratigraphic integrity by allowing archaeologists to remove dirt in distinct layers rather than mixing them.
4. The type of shovel used can vary based on the excavation context; for example, flat shovels are often used in dry conditions, while pointed shovels may be preferred in wet or compacted soils.
5. Shovels can also be important for documenting the context of finds, as the layer from which a sample is taken can provide critical information about the time period and function of the artifacts.

Review Questions

• How does the use of a shovel impact stratigraphic integrity during an archaeological excavation?
  • Using a shovel correctly is crucial for maintaining stratigraphic integrity. When removing soil in distinct layers, archaeologists can accurately document the order of deposits and preserve the context of artifacts. If layers are mixed or improperly excavated, it can lead to a loss of important chronological information that is essential for understanding the site's history.
• Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of using a shovel versus a trowel in archaeological excavations.
  • Shovels offer the advantage of quickly removing large volumes of soil, making them efficient for initial excavation phases. However, their broad blades can disrupt delicate layers and artifacts. Trowels, on the other hand, allow for more precise excavation in sensitive areas but require more time and effort. The choice between tools often depends on the specific conditions and goals of the excavation.
• Evaluate the role of shovels in facilitating the documentation and analysis of archaeological sites within the context of excavation methods.
  • Shovels play a vital role in archaeological excavations by allowing archaeologists to systematically remove soil while preserving the integrity of stratigraphic layers. This process is essential for documenting the context in which artifacts are found, as each layer can reveal important information about past human activity. Additionally, using shovels correctly helps prevent contamination between layers, ensuring that analyses reflect accurate historical data. This careful approach contributes to building a comprehensive understanding of the site’s chronology and significance.

Related terms

Stratigraphy: The study of rock layers and layering, important for understanding the chronological sequence of deposits in archaeological contexts.

Excavation: The systematic uncovering of archaeological remains through the removal of soil and debris to reveal buried structures or artifacts.

Trowel: A smaller hand tool used in archaeology for more precise digging and cleaning of delicate features, allowing for careful excavation without damaging artifacts.