Advaita Vedanta

Definition

Advaita Vedanta is a non-dualistic school of philosophy within Hinduism that teaches the fundamental unity of the individual soul (Atman) and the ultimate reality (Brahman). This belief emphasizes that the perceived differences in the world are illusory (Maya) and that true knowledge comes from realizing this oneness, which is deeply connected to Indian mythology and the broader context of Hindu spiritual practices.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Advaita Vedanta was famously articulated by the philosopher Adi Shankaracharya in the 8th century CE, who sought to unify various interpretations of the Vedas.
2. This philosophy posits that enlightenment comes from understanding that one's true self (Atman) is not separate from Brahman, the ultimate reality.
3. The teachings of Advaita Vedanta have greatly influenced many aspects of Hindu spirituality, including yoga and meditation practices aimed at self-realization.
4. Mythological narratives in Hinduism often illustrate themes of unity and illusion, supporting the core ideas of Advaita Vedanta through stories like those of Vishnu or Shiva.
5. Advaita Vedanta has been pivotal in shaping discussions on consciousness and existence in both Eastern and Western philosophical traditions.

Review Questions

• How does Advaita Vedanta interpret the relationship between Atman and Brahman?
  • Advaita Vedanta teaches that Atman, the individual soul, and Brahman, the ultimate reality, are fundamentally one and the same. This non-dualistic view asserts that any perceived separateness is an illusion created by Maya. The realization of this unity is essential for achieving enlightenment and liberation from the cycle of birth and death.
• In what ways do Indian mythology and Advaita Vedanta intersect to enhance spiritual understanding?
  • Indian mythology often presents narratives that reflect the principles of Advaita Vedanta, particularly the themes of unity and illusion. Stories involving deities like Vishnu or Shiva highlight how these divine beings embody the essence of Brahman. By exploring these mythological tales, practitioners can gain deeper insights into their own spiritual journeys and the nature of reality as taught by Advaita Vedanta.
• Evaluate how Advaita Vedanta influences contemporary spiritual practices within Hinduism and beyond.
  • Advaita Vedanta has significantly shaped modern spiritual practices in Hinduism, such as meditation and yoga, emphasizing self-realization and oneness with Brahman. This philosophy has also impacted global spiritual movements, attracting individuals seeking non-dual awareness beyond traditional religious boundaries. By promoting an understanding that transcends duality, Advaita Vedanta offers a framework for addressing existential questions about consciousness, identity, and the nature of existence in a rapidly changing world.

Related terms

Atman: The individual self or soul in Hindu philosophy, which is considered eternal and ultimately identical to Brahman.

Brahman: The ultimate, unchanging reality in Hinduism, which is formless and transcends all existence; it is the source of all that exists.

Maya: The illusion or appearance of the physical world that obscures the true nature of reality in Advaita Vedanta philosophy.