Arch

Definition

An arch is a curved structure that spans an opening and is designed to support weight from above, commonly used in various forms of architecture. It represents a significant innovation in building techniques, allowing for the construction of larger and more durable structures. The design of the arch not only contributes to aesthetic appeal but also enables the efficient distribution of weight, making it essential in the creation of bridges, aqueducts, and monumental buildings.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. The Romans perfected the use of the arch, which allowed them to build impressive structures like aqueducts and bridges that could carry heavy loads over long distances.
2. The introduction of the arch in Roman architecture enabled the construction of larger open spaces within buildings, facilitating grand interior designs in structures such as basilicas.
3. Roman arches are typically made from stone or brick, using a technique known as voussoirs to create the curve and distribute weight evenly.
4. The Roman aqueducts relied heavily on arches to transport water across valleys and uneven terrain, demonstrating their engineering prowess.
5. The use of arches influenced later architectural styles, contributing to the development of Gothic cathedrals and Renaissance buildings by allowing for taller structures with large windows.

Review Questions

• How did the design of the arch impact Roman engineering and architecture?
  • The design of the arch significantly impacted Roman engineering and architecture by allowing for greater structural integrity and larger spans than previous building methods. This innovation enabled Romans to create impressive aqueducts and bridges that could carry heavy loads while navigating challenging terrains. The ability to construct large open spaces within buildings also transformed interior design, leading to more monumental public spaces.
• In what ways did arches contribute to the construction of Roman aqueducts and bridges?
  • Arches were essential in the construction of Roman aqueducts and bridges because they provided stability and allowed for the efficient distribution of weight. In aqueducts, arches enabled engineers to span valleys and uneven ground while maintaining a consistent gradient for water flow. In bridges, arches supported the structure’s weight and helped resist external forces, making it possible to cross wide bodies of water or deep ravines.
• Evaluate the long-term influence of Roman arch construction techniques on later architectural styles and engineering practices.
  • Roman arch construction techniques had a profound long-term influence on later architectural styles and engineering practices. The principles of the arch were adapted during the Gothic period, leading to soaring cathedrals with flying buttresses that allowed for expansive stained glass windows. The Renaissance also saw a revival of classical forms, where arches were integral in creating symmetrical designs. Overall, the legacy of Roman arches continues to shape modern architecture by enabling innovative structures worldwide.

Related terms

Keystone: The central stone at the top of an arch that locks all the other stones into position and bears the load.

Vault: An extended arch that forms a roof or ceiling, capable of spanning larger spaces than a traditional flat roof.

Buttress: A support structure that reinforces walls and arches, often used to counteract the lateral forces exerted by arches and vaults.