Arch

Definition

An arch is a curved structure that spans an opening and supports weight above it, typically used in construction to distribute loads effectively. This architectural innovation allowed for the creation of larger, more stable structures, and it played a crucial role in enhancing infrastructure, enabling the extensive use of concrete, and showcasing the power of imperial patronage through monumental architecture.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. The use of the arch allowed Roman builders to create expansive public spaces, such as forums and amphitheaters, that could accommodate large crowds.
2. Arches were crucial in Roman aqueducts, which transported water over long distances; their design allowed for both stability and aesthetic appeal.
3. Roman arches were often constructed using opus caementicium, or Roman concrete, which provided the strength needed for larger constructions and innovative designs.
4. The introduction of the arch into Roman architecture marked a shift towards more ambitious engineering projects, including bridges and monumental gateways.
5. Imperial patronage often focused on grand arches as symbols of power and authority, exemplified by structures like the Arch of Titus and the Arch of Constantine.

Review Questions

• How did the development of the arch influence the design of infrastructure in ancient Rome?
  • The development of the arch revolutionized Roman infrastructure by allowing for larger and more durable structures. It enabled architects to create expansive public spaces like forums and basilicas while also facilitating practical structures like aqueducts. The strength and stability provided by arches allowed for innovative designs that were not previously possible, ultimately transforming how cities were built and organized.
• Discuss the relationship between Roman concrete (opus caementicium) and the construction of arches in ancient architecture.
  • Roman concrete, or opus caementicium, was integral to the construction of arches in ancient architecture. Its unique composition allowed for greater flexibility in design and enabled builders to create robust structures that could withstand significant loads. The combination of arches with Roman concrete not only improved structural integrity but also allowed for more intricate designs and expansive spaces, marking a significant advancement in engineering during this period.
• Evaluate how imperial patronage influenced the construction and symbolism of arches in Augustan Rome.
  • Imperial patronage significantly influenced the construction and symbolism of arches in Augustan Rome by showcasing the power and achievements of emperors. Monuments like the Arch of Titus and the Arch of Constantine served as grand commemorations of military victories and imperial authority. These structures were strategically placed in public spaces to reinforce the emperor's connection to divine favor and civic duty, thus using architecture not just for function but as a means of political propaganda to solidify their legacy.

Related terms

Keystone: The central stone at the summit of an arch, which locks the other stones into position and is crucial for the stability of the arch.

Vault: An architectural form that extends an arch into three dimensions, creating a roof or ceiling structure that can cover larger spaces.

Aqueduct:

A structure built to transport water from one location to another, often using arches to support the waterway over valleys or uneven terrain.