Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal (HPA) Axis: The HPA axis is a complex set of direct influences and feedback connections between the hypothalamus, the pituitary gland, and the adrenal glands, which regulates various processes in the body, including the stress response, mood, and energy metabolism.
Glucocorticoids: Glucocorticoids are a class of steroid hormones, such as cortisol, that are produced by the adrenal glands. They play a key role in the body's stress response, regulating metabolism, immune function, and other physiological processes.
Adrenocorticotropic Hormone (ACTH): Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) is a peptide hormone produced and secreted by the anterior pituitary gland. It stimulates the adrenal glands to release glucocorticoids, such as cortisol, in response to stress or low glucocorticoid levels.