Theodore Dreiser

Definition

Theodore Dreiser was an American novelist and journalist, known for his influential works that helped shape the naturalist movement in literature during the late 19th and early 20th centuries. His novels often explore themes of determinism, social conditions, and the impact of environment on individual choices, reflecting the influence of scientific thought and the advancements of the industrial age on society.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Dreiser's work was heavily influenced by the scientific theories of the time, particularly Darwinism, which shaped his views on human behavior as determined by biological and environmental factors.
2. He faced significant criticism and censorship for his candid portrayals of sexuality and social issues, especially in 'Sister Carrie,' which was initially banned in several cities.
3. Dreiser's style is characterized by its detailed descriptions and focus on character psychology, contributing to his reputation as a pioneer of naturalism in American literature.
4. His other notable works include 'The Financier' and 'An American Tragedy,' both of which explore themes of ambition, greed, and moral ambiguity in American society.
5. Dreiser's novels often depict individuals struggling against societal forces, illustrating how social class and economic conditions impact personal choices and destinies.

Review Questions

• How did Theodore Dreiser's background and the societal context of his time influence his writing style and themes?
  • Theodore Dreiser's upbringing in a working-class family during a time of rapid industrialization greatly influenced his writing. His experiences with poverty and witnessing the struggles of individuals in society led him to focus on themes such as determinism and the impact of environment on personal choices. His realist style captures the complexities of life while reflecting the harsh realities faced by many during that era.
• Discuss how Dreiser's 'Sister Carrie' exemplifies naturalist principles and its critique of societal norms.
  • 'Sister Carrie' serves as a prime example of naturalism through its portrayal of a woman's ambition clashing with societal expectations. The novel illustrates how Carrie's desires are shaped by her environment and circumstances rather than moral choices. It critiques the capitalist society that prioritizes material success over ethical considerations, ultimately showing how these societal pressures can lead to tragic outcomes for individuals.
• Evaluate the lasting impact Theodore Dreiser had on American literature, particularly in relation to realism and naturalism.
  • Theodore Dreiser's contributions to American literature have had a profound impact on both realism and naturalism. By emphasizing the influence of environment and heredity on human behavior, he paved the way for future authors to explore similar themes. His frank portrayal of social issues challenged contemporary literary conventions, prompting writers to address complex societal dynamics. Dreiser's legacy endures as a critical voice that questioned moral values while shedding light on the darker aspects of American life.

Related terms

Naturalism: A literary movement that suggests that environment, heredity, and social conditions shape human character and behavior, emphasizing a deterministic view of human life.

Sister Carrie: Dreiser's most famous novel, published in 1900, which tells the story of a young woman's struggle for success in a materialistic society and illustrates the harsh realities of urban life.

Realism: A literary movement focused on depicting everyday life and society with a faithful representation of reality, often highlighting social issues and character-driven narratives.