7.1 Proper Handling Techniques for Various Media
6 min read•july 29, 2024
Proper handling techniques are crucial for preserving artworks and ensuring safety. From paintings to sculptures, each medium requires specific care. Gloves, support methods, and careful movements are key to avoiding damage during transport and display.
Art materials can pose health risks, including toxic substances and airborne particles. like gloves, masks, and proper clothing is essential. Safe lifting, securing artwork, and navigating spaces are vital for successful art transportation.
Art Handling Techniques
Paintings
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- Handle with clean, dry hands or while wearing nitrile gloves to prevent transfer of oils, dirt, or moisture to the surface
- When moving, support the work from the bottom with both hands, keeping it vertical and avoiding any pressure on the canvas or frame (use for oversized works)
- Secure paintings to moving equipment with straps, padding, or blankets to prevent shifting or vibration during transport
- Keep paintings vertical and facing toward the mover during transport, avoiding tilting or laying them flat
Sculptures and Three-Dimensional Objects
- Handle with gloved hands, supporting the base and any fragile areas
- Never lift a sculpture by protruding parts (arms, legs, head) as this can cause breakage
- Move sculptures on a padded cart or dolly, strapped securely with at contact points
- Avoid dragging or pushing a sculpture across the floor, which can damage the base or create scratches
- Use two or more people to lift and move heavy sculptures, communicating clearly and coordinating movements
Works on Paper and Photographs
- Handle works on by the edges or margins, preferably with gloves, on a clean, flat surface
- Transport works on paper in or boxes, stacked horizontally with between each work to prevent friction
- Photographs and negatives are prone to damage from fingerprints, scratches, and airborne pollutants
- Handle photographs and negatives by the edges and wear gloves to avoid leaving fingerprints or scratches
- Store photographs and negatives in archival-quality sleeves or enclosures to protect from dust and pollutants
Textiles and Fabric-Based Artworks
- Handle textile art pieces as little as possible, with clean hands and while wearing gloves
- Avoid folding or creasing the fabric, which can cause permanent damage to fibers
- Roll around an archival tube for storage or transport, avoiding stacking or compression
- Display textiles on a flat surface or mannequin to prevent gravity from distorting the shape over time
Art Material Hazards
Toxic Substances in Art Materials
- Many pigments and materials used in creating artworks can be toxic, such as lead (white paint), cadmium (red and yellow paint), and mercury (vermilion)
- Familiarize yourself with common hazardous substances found in paints, glazes, solvents, and adhesives
- Review (SDS) for art materials to identify potential risks and proper handling methods
- Avoid skin contact or inhalation of toxic substances by wearing appropriate PPE and working in ventilated areas
Airborne Particulates and Pollutants
- Dust and particulate matter from deteriorating materials like wood, plaster, or pastels can be harmful if inhaled
- Use appropriate respiratory protection ( or ) when working with friable or flaking materials
- Mold and pest infestations can develop on organic materials like wood, textiles, and paper
- Inspect objects for signs of biological activity (discoloration, spores, droppings) before handling and take precautions to avoid exposure
Physical Hazards in Art Handling
- on frames, sculptures, or installation pieces pose a cutting hazard
- Handle objects with sharp elements carefully and wear protective gloves (Kevlar or leather) to prevent cuts
- Heavy or oversized artworks can cause strain or injury if lifted or moved improperly
- Use proper lifting techniques (bend at knees, keep back straight) and team lifting when necessary to avoid injury
- Wear closed-toe shoes with non-slip soles to prevent slips, trips, and falling objects from causing injury
Importance of PPE
Gloves for Barrier Protection
- Nitrile or cotton gloves protect both the handler and the artwork by providing a barrier against skin oils, moisture, and dirt transfer
- Wear gloves when handling any artwork to avoid leaving fingerprints, smudges, or residues on surfaces
- Change gloves frequently to prevent cross-contamination between objects and maintain a clean grip
- Use powder-free gloves to avoid leaving residue on artworks
Respiratory Protection Against Particulates
- Respirators or dust masks should be worn when working with objects that may have mold, pest residues, or hazardous particulates to prevent inhalation
- Choose the appropriate respirator for the type of particulate (N95 for dust, P100 for mold or lead)
- Ensure respirator fits properly and forms a seal against the face for effective filtration
- Replace respirator filters regularly and whenever breathing becomes difficult
Protective Clothing and Eyewear
- Aprons or lab coats can protect clothing and skin from accidental spills or contact with potentially harmful substances (solvents, acids)
- Choose aprons made of durable, non-porous materials like PVC or neoprene for easy cleaning and chemical resistance
- Safety goggles shield the eyes from dust, debris, and chemical splashes that may occur during conservation or preparation of artworks
- Wear goggles when using power tools, handling chemicals, or working with flaking or friable materials
Footwear for Safety and Stability
- Closed-toe shoes with non-slip soles help prevent accidents and protect the feet from falling objects or sharp edges
- Choose shoes with good support and cushioning for comfort during long periods of standing or walking
- Avoid sandals, flip-flops, or high heels when handling art to reduce risk of trips, slips, or dropped objects
- may be necessary when handling large, heavy sculptures or installing large-scale exhibitions
Art Transportation Procedures
Planning and Preparation
- Plan the route in advance, considering the dimensions of the artwork, doorways, elevators, and any potential obstacles
- Clear the path of any obstructions (furniture, equipment) and ensure adequate clearance for large objects
- Assemble the necessary equipment, such as hydraulic lifts, pallet jacks, dollies, or carts, appropriate to the size and weight of the artwork
- Inspect equipment for proper functioning and safety features (brakes, straps, padding) before use
Safe Lifting and Moving Techniques
- Use two or more people to lift and move heavy or large items, communicating clearly and coordinating movements to avoid damage
- Lift with the legs, keeping the back straight and object close to the body to avoid strain
- Avoid twisting or jerking motions while carrying artwork, which can cause damage or injury
- Take breaks as needed and set artwork down gently on padded surfaces to prevent impact damage
Securing Artwork During Transport
- Secure the artwork to the moving equipment with straps, padding, or blankets to prevent shifting or vibration during transport
- Use corner protectors or foam blocks to prevent frames or edges from bumping against cart or walls
- Cover sculptures or 3D works with soft, breathable fabric (Tyvek, muslin) to protect from dust and scratches
- Avoid stacking artworks or placing heavy objects on top of fragile pieces during transport
Navigating the Museum Environment
- Use caution when moving objects in and out of storage areas, watching for uneven floors, thresholds, or tight doorways where damage could occur
- Open doors slowly and check for clearance before moving artwork through to avoid bumps and scratches
- Use a spotter when navigating narrow passages or blind corners to prevent collisions
- Be aware of environmental factors like humidity, temperature, and light levels when moving artwork to prevent shock or
Key Terms to Review (29)
American Institute for Conservation: The American Institute for Conservation (AIC) is a professional organization dedicated to the preservation and conservation of cultural heritage. It provides guidelines, resources, and support to conservators and institutions, emphasizing the importance of proper handling techniques to ensure the longevity and integrity of various media, from artworks to historical artifacts.
Archival boxes: Archival boxes are storage containers specifically designed to protect and preserve documents, photographs, and other media for long-term storage. These boxes are made from acid-free materials, which help prevent deterioration and damage caused by environmental factors like light, humidity, and temperature fluctuations. Proper use of archival boxes is crucial for maintaining the integrity of various media types over time.
Archival folders: Archival folders are protective containers used to store and organize documents, photographs, and other materials in a way that preserves their integrity and accessibility over time. These folders are typically made from acid-free materials to prevent deterioration, ensuring that items remain in good condition for future reference. Properly using archival folders is crucial in managing various media, as they help maintain the quality and organization of collections.
Deacidification: Deacidification is the process of neutralizing acidic compounds in materials, particularly paper and other media, to prevent deterioration and extend their longevity. This technique is crucial for preserving artifacts, as acidity can lead to discoloration, brittleness, and eventual destruction. Implementing deacidification methods helps ensure that items remain accessible and intact for future generations.
Degradation: Degradation refers to the process by which materials or objects deteriorate over time due to various environmental factors, handling, and usage. This deterioration can result in loss of aesthetic value, structural integrity, and functionality of items, especially those in the realm of art and artifacts. Proper handling techniques are essential to minimize degradation, ensuring that collections remain preserved and accessible for future generations.
Deterioration: Deterioration refers to the process of gradual decline or decay in the condition of an object, particularly in the context of materials and artifacts. This decline can be caused by various factors, including environmental conditions, improper handling, and chemical reactions. Understanding deterioration is crucial for preserving different media, as it directly impacts the longevity and integrity of artifacts and artworks.
Dry mounting: Dry mounting is a process used to permanently attach photographs or artworks to a support surface, typically using a heat-activated adhesive. This technique ensures that the artwork remains flat and free from wrinkles or bubbles, enhancing its presentation and durability. It is particularly important for preserving various types of media, as it provides a stable backing that can protect the artwork from damage over time.
Dust masks: Dust masks are protective devices worn over the nose and mouth to filter out airborne particles, including dust, allergens, and other harmful substances. They are essential for ensuring the safety of individuals working with various media, especially in environments where dust and debris can affect health and the integrity of materials being handled.
Ergonomics: Ergonomics is the science of designing the workplace and its tools to fit the needs of the user, ensuring comfort, efficiency, and safety. This discipline focuses on optimizing human well-being and overall system performance by considering the physical and cognitive capabilities of individuals. Proper ergonomics is essential for minimizing the risk of injury while handling various media, as it addresses how tasks are structured and the tools used to accomplish them.
Humidity regulation: Humidity regulation refers to the control of moisture levels in an environment to prevent damage to various media, such as artwork, artifacts, and archival materials. Proper humidity levels are crucial for preserving these items, as excessive moisture can lead to mold growth, warping, or deterioration, while too little can cause cracking or brittleness. Understanding how to maintain appropriate humidity is essential for ensuring the longevity and integrity of collections.
Hydraulic lifts: Hydraulic lifts are mechanical devices that use hydraulic power to raise and lower heavy objects, typically by utilizing a fluid-filled system that transmits force through the fluid. This technology is crucial for safely handling and moving various media, especially in environments where heavy or bulky items must be transported or displayed without causing damage. The efficiency and precision of hydraulic lifts make them an essential tool in managing different types of materials, ensuring their proper handling and preservation.
Interleaving tissue: Interleaving tissue is a type of protective material used in the preservation of artworks, documents, or artifacts, typically made from acid-free paper. It serves to prevent physical contact between items, reducing the risk of damage from abrasion, dirt, or chemical reactions. This tissue is crucial for ensuring that different media can coexist safely in storage or during transportation.
ISO 11799: ISO 11799 is an international standard that provides guidelines for the storage of archival materials and records, ensuring their long-term preservation and accessibility. It focuses on the conditions required for the proper storage of various media types, including paper, photographic, and digital materials, which is essential for effective documentation, cataloging, and condition reporting.
Kevlar gloves: Kevlar gloves are protective handwear made from Kevlar, a high-strength synthetic fiber known for its durability and cut-resistance. These gloves are essential for handling sharp objects or materials that could potentially cause injury, making them crucial in various professional settings where safety is a priority.
Lamination: Lamination is the process of enclosing or bonding layers of material together, typically to enhance durability, protection, and aesthetic quality. This technique is crucial in preserving artworks, documents, and other media by providing a shield against physical damage, moisture, and pollutants while maintaining visibility and clarity.
Paper: Paper is a thin material produced by pressing together moist fibers, typically cellulose pulp derived from wood, rags, or grasses, and drying them into flexible sheets. It serves a variety of functions, including documentation, art, and archival preservation, making it an essential medium in curatorial practices. Understanding the properties and types of paper is vital for the proper handling and conservation of artworks and artifacts.
Personal protective equipment: Personal protective equipment (PPE) refers to specialized clothing and gear designed to protect individuals from hazards that can cause injury or illness. In the context of handling various media, PPE serves as a critical safeguard against physical, chemical, and biological risks, ensuring the safety of workers and preserving the integrity of the materials being handled.
Ph-neutral: pH-neutral refers to a solution that has a pH level of 7, meaning it is neither acidic nor alkaline. This neutrality is crucial for maintaining the integrity of various materials, especially in art and conservation practices, where pH levels can significantly affect the longevity and preservation of artworks and artifacts.
Photographic materials: Photographic materials refer to the various substances and media used in photography to capture and reproduce images. This includes film, paper, chemicals, and digital sensors that play crucial roles in the development, printing, and preservation of photographs. Understanding these materials is vital for ensuring their longevity and integrity during handling and exhibition.
Protective padding: Protective padding refers to materials or structures used to safeguard artworks and artifacts during handling, transportation, or display. It is essential in preventing physical damage such as scratches, dents, or breakage, especially for delicate items made from fragile media like glass, ceramics, or paper. The use of appropriate padding helps to maintain the integrity and longevity of these objects.
Respirators: Respirators are protective devices designed to filter out harmful substances from the air, providing clean air for the wearer. They are crucial in environments where hazardous dust, fumes, vapors, or gases may be present, ensuring the safety and health of individuals handling various media. The effectiveness of respirators depends on proper selection, fit, and usage, which are vital in maintaining a safe workspace while interacting with different materials.
Safety Data Sheets: Safety Data Sheets (SDS) are documents that provide detailed information about the properties, hazards, and safe handling of chemicals and materials. They are essential for ensuring the proper handling techniques are employed to minimize risks associated with various media in a work environment, especially where potential hazards exist.
Sharp edges: Sharp edges refer to the precise, clean lines or angles found on the surfaces of various objects, especially in the context of art and artifacts. These edges can greatly influence the perception and aesthetics of a piece, highlighting certain features while also posing potential risks during handling. Understanding sharp edges is crucial for ensuring the safe manipulation and preservation of artworks and artifacts.
Steel-toed boots: Steel-toed boots are a type of footwear designed to provide enhanced protection for the toes and feet, incorporating a protective steel reinforcement in the toe area. These boots are essential for individuals working in environments where heavy objects may fall or where there are sharp items on the ground, ensuring safety and minimizing injury risk while handling various materials.
Temperature control: Temperature control refers to the management of ambient conditions to maintain specific temperatures that protect various media from degradation or damage. This practice is vital for preserving artworks, artifacts, and other sensitive items, ensuring their longevity and integrity by preventing fluctuations that can lead to deterioration over time.
Textiles: Textiles refer to any material made from fibers or yarns that are woven, knitted, or otherwise processed to create fabric. They are an essential component in various forms of art and design, including fashion, upholstery, and interior design, and often require specific handling techniques to preserve their integrity and appearance.
Tweezers: Tweezers are small, hand-held tools used to grasp, manipulate, or extract objects, particularly in delicate situations. They play a crucial role in various fields, including art handling, where precision is necessary to avoid damaging sensitive materials or artworks. Using tweezers helps maintain the integrity of objects by allowing for careful handling without direct contact from fingers, which can leave oils or cause physical damage.
Uv-filtering: UV-filtering refers to the process of blocking ultraviolet (UV) radiation, which can cause damage to various materials, especially in the context of art and artifacts. This protective measure is crucial for preserving the integrity of diverse media, as UV light can lead to fading, discoloration, and deterioration over time. Implementing UV-filtering strategies helps maintain the longevity and visual quality of artworks and cultural heritage objects.
Wet cleaning: Wet cleaning is a method of cleaning art and artifacts using water and biodegradable detergents, which is particularly effective for removing dirt and grime from sensitive materials. This technique differs from traditional dry cleaning as it utilizes moisture and is designed to be gentler on delicate surfaces, ensuring that the integrity of the media is preserved while effectively cleaning.