TV writing encompasses two main storytelling approaches: episodic and serialized. These methods shape how narratives unfold, impacting character development, plot structure, and viewer engagement. Understanding the strengths and applications of each style is crucial for crafting compelling television series.
Episodic storytelling focuses on self-contained episodes, while serialized formats build ongoing narratives across multiple episodes or seasons. Many modern shows employ hybrid approaches, blending elements of both styles to create dynamic, multi-layered stories that appeal to diverse audiences.
Types of TV storytelling
- Episodic and serialized structures represent two fundamental approaches to crafting television narratives in TV writing
- Understanding these storytelling methods helps writers create engaging and cohesive series that resonate with audiences
- The choice between episodic, serialized, or hybrid approaches significantly impacts a show's pacing, character development, and overall viewer experience
Episodic structure
- Self-contained stories resolve within a single episode
- Minimal continuity between episodes allows for flexible viewing order
- Character development occurs slowly, if at all, across the series
- Procedural dramas (Law & Order) and sitcoms (Friends) often employ this structure
Serialized structure
- Continuous storylines span multiple episodes or entire seasons
- Strong emphasis on character arcs and evolving relationships
- Plot threads interweave and build upon each other throughout the series
- Drama series (Breaking Bad) and fantasy epics (Game of Thrones) frequently use this approach
Hybrid approaches
- Combine elements of both episodic and serialized storytelling
- Episodic plots with overarching character development or themes
- "Monster of the week" format with an underlying seasonal arc
- Popular in genre shows (The X-Files) and modern comedies (Brooklyn Nine-Nine)
Characteristics of episodic storytelling
- Episodic storytelling focuses on delivering complete narratives within each episode
- This approach allows for greater flexibility in production and scheduling
- Writers must balance the need for standalone stories with maintaining a consistent series tone
Self-contained episodes
- Each episode presents a complete story arc with a beginning, middle, and end
- Conflicts introduced are resolved by the end of the episode
- Minimal carry-over of plot elements between episodes
- Allows viewers to jump in at any point without feeling lost (Star Trek: The Original Series)
- Follow a predictable structure or formula in each episode
- Often revolve around professional settings (hospitals, police stations, courtrooms)
- Emphasize problem-solving or case-of-the-week scenarios
- Popular in crime dramas (CSI) and medical shows (House)
Standalone plots
- Individual episode storylines do not require knowledge of previous episodes
- New characters or situations can be introduced without extensive backstory
- Allows for diverse storytelling within the show's premise
- Common in anthology series (Black Mirror) or episodic comedies (The Simpsons)
Minimal character development
- Characters remain relatively static throughout the series
- Personality traits and relationships stay consistent episode to episode
- Focus on how characters react to new situations rather than personal growth
- Enables long-running series without major changes to the status quo (Columbo)
Characteristics of serialized storytelling
- Serialized storytelling emphasizes long-form narratives that span multiple episodes or seasons
- This approach allows for complex character development and intricate plot arcs
- Writers must carefully plan and execute storylines to maintain coherence and viewer interest
Ongoing narrative arcs
- Storylines continue and evolve across multiple episodes or entire seasons
- Plot threads interweave and build upon each other throughout the series
- Requires viewers to watch episodes in order to fully understand the story
- Creates a more immersive and complex narrative experience (The Wire)
Character evolution
- Characters undergo significant growth and change throughout the series
- Relationships between characters develop and shift over time
- Past events and decisions have lasting consequences on character arcs
- Allows for deeper exploration of character motivations and psychology (Mad Men)
Cliffhangers and hooks
- Episodes often end with unresolved plot points or dramatic revelations
- Encourages viewers to tune in to the next episode to see what happens
- Creates tension and anticipation between episodes and seasons
- Effective in maintaining audience engagement (Lost)
Binge-watching appeal
- Continuous storylines lend themselves well to marathon viewing sessions
- Streaming platforms often release entire seasons at once to cater to this trend
- Allows for more intricate storytelling as viewers can easily recall previous events
- Popular with streaming originals (Stranger Things) and cable dramas (The Sopranos)
- Episodic storytelling offers unique benefits for both creators and viewers
- This format remains popular in certain genres and network television
- Understanding these advantages helps writers tailor their approach to specific projects
Accessibility for casual viewers
- New viewers can jump in at any point without feeling lost
- No need to catch up on previous episodes to understand the current story
- Ideal for syndication and reruns on traditional broadcast networks
- Allows for flexible viewing habits in today's busy media landscape (NCIS)
Syndication potential
- Self-contained episodes are easier to sell for reruns and international markets
- Networks can air episodes out of order without confusing viewers
- Increases the long-term value of a series beyond its initial run
- Successful syndicated shows can generate significant revenue (Friends, The Office)
Flexibility in episode order
- Production schedules can be more easily adjusted if needed
- Episodes can be rearranged without significantly impacting the overall narrative
- Allows for themed episodes or special events to be inserted at any point
- Useful for accommodating guest stars or responding to current events (The Simpsons)
- Serialized storytelling offers unique opportunities for deep, engaging narratives
- This format has gained popularity with the rise of streaming platforms and binge-watching
- Understanding these advantages helps writers craft compelling long-form stories
Complex storytelling opportunities
- Allows for intricate plot developments over extended periods
- Multiple storylines can be woven together across episodes and seasons
- Enables exploration of themes and ideas in greater depth
- Provides room for nuanced character interactions and world-building (Game of Thrones)
Character depth and growth
- Characters can undergo significant arcs and transformations
- Relationships between characters evolve organically over time
- Backstories and motivations can be gradually revealed
- Allows viewers to form stronger emotional connections with characters (Breaking Bad)
Audience engagement and loyalty
- Encourages viewers to invest in the long-term narrative
- Fosters online discussions and theories between episodes
- Creates a shared viewing experience and cultural phenomenon
- Builds a dedicated fan base eager for each new installment (Stranger Things)
Episodic vs. serialized: Genre considerations
- Different genres often lend themselves to specific storytelling approaches
- Understanding genre expectations helps writers choose the most effective format
- Some genres successfully blend episodic and serialized elements
Crime and legal dramas
- Traditionally favored episodic formats with case-of-the-week structures
- Procedural shows focus on solving a new crime each episode (Law & Order)
- Modern crime dramas may incorporate serialized elements for character development
- Some series use season-long cases with episodic subplots (True Detective)
Sitcoms and comedies
- Classic sitcoms often use episodic formats with minimal continuity
- Allows for easily digestible, self-contained humor (Seinfeld)
- Modern comedies may incorporate more serialized elements
- Character growth and ongoing storylines can enhance emotional investment (The Good Place)
Science fiction and fantasy
- Often blend episodic and serialized storytelling
- "Monster of the week" format combined with overarching mythology (The X-Files)
- World-building and complex narratives benefit from serialized approach
- Some series use episodic adventures within a larger serialized framework (Star Trek: Deep Space Nine)
Historical evolution of TV storytelling
- Television storytelling has undergone significant changes since its inception
- Understanding this evolution provides context for current trends in TV writing
- The shift from episodic to more serialized formats reflects changing viewer habits and technology
Early television dominance of episodic
- Limited home recording technology necessitated self-contained episodes
- Network schedules favored predictable, formulaic shows
- Syndication potential drove the creation of episodic series
- Classic examples include sitcoms (I Love Lucy) and westerns (Gunsmoke)
Rise of serialized narratives
- Began with primetime soap operas in the 1980s (Dallas, Dynasty)
- Cable networks introduced more serialized dramas in the 1990s and 2000s
- DVRs and DVD box sets made it easier for viewers to follow complex stories
- Critically acclaimed series like The Sopranos popularized the format
Influence of cable and streaming
- Premium cable channels pushed boundaries with serialized content (HBO, Showtime)
- Streaming platforms embraced binge-watching model, favoring serialized narratives
- Reduced reliance on traditional ratings allowed for more experimental storytelling
- Netflix originals like House of Cards changed industry expectations for series structure
Writing techniques for episodic shows
- Episodic writing requires a specific set of skills to create engaging standalone stories
- Understanding these techniques helps writers craft satisfying episodes within a larger series
- Balancing familiarity with novelty is key to successful episodic storytelling
- Develop a repeatable episode format that fits the show's premise
- Establish clear act breaks and plot points within each episode
- Create a recognizable pattern for introducing and resolving conflicts
- Use consistent elements (opening teaser, climax, denouement) across episodes (Law & Order)
Resolving conflicts within episodes
- Introduce a central problem or mystery early in the episode
- Develop complications and obstacles throughout the story
- Ensure all major plot threads are resolved by the end of the episode
- Provide a satisfying conclusion that doesn't require follow-up (Columbo)
Balancing familiarity and novelty
- Maintain consistent character traits and relationships across episodes
- Introduce new scenarios, guest characters, or locations to keep stories fresh
- Vary the emotional tone or style of episodes within the show's framework
- Use recurring elements or catchphrases to create a sense of continuity (The Simpsons)
Writing techniques for serialized shows
- Serialized writing requires careful planning and execution of long-term storylines
- Understanding these techniques helps writers create compelling, cohesive narratives
- Balancing individual episode satisfaction with overarching plot progression is crucial
Long-term story planning
- Develop a series bible outlining major plot points and character arcs
- Create a season-long (or multi-season) outline to guide episode writing
- Plan for potential plot twists and revelations in advance
- Allow flexibility for adjusting storylines based on audience reception or production needs (Breaking Bad)
Character arcs across seasons
- Establish clear starting points and goals for each main character
- Develop gradual, believable character growth throughout the series
- Create interconnected character relationships that evolve over time
- Use backstory revelations to deepen character motivations (Lost)
Maintaining narrative momentum
- Balance advancing the main plot with engaging subplots
- Create mini-arcs within episodes to provide short-term satisfaction
- Use cliffhangers and unresolved questions to drive viewer engagement
- Pace major revelations and plot twists throughout the season (Game of Thrones)
Hybrid storytelling approaches
- Hybrid approaches combine elements of both episodic and serialized storytelling
- This versatile format allows writers to balance standalone stories with ongoing arcs
- Understanding hybrid techniques helps create shows with broad appeal
Episodic with serialized elements
- Primarily self-contained episodes with an underlying season-long arc
- Character relationships and personal storylines evolve across episodes
- Gradual reveal of a larger mystery or threat throughout the season
- Popular in procedural dramas with character-driven subplots (Bones)
Serialized with episodic components
- Overarching narrative with standalone plots in individual episodes
- "Case of the week" format within a larger serialized story
- Allows for occasional departure episodes or bottle episodes
- Common in genre shows blending monster-of-the-week with mythology (Supernatural)
- Each season tells a complete, self-contained story
- Allows for serialized storytelling within a season
- Provides flexibility to explore different themes, time periods, or genres
- Attracts high-profile actors for short-term commitments (American Horror Story)
Impact on production and scheduling
- The choice between episodic and serialized formats significantly affects TV production
- Understanding these impacts helps writers and producers make informed decisions
- Production considerations often influence the storytelling approach chosen for a series
Filming schedules
- Episodic shows allow for more flexible, non-linear filming schedules
- Serialized series often require sequential filming to maintain continuity
- Hybrid approaches may group related scenes or storylines for efficient production
- Impacts actor availability and location scheduling (24 filmed in real-time order)
Budget considerations
- Episodic formats may allow for more varied locations and guest stars
- Serialized shows might require higher budgets for consistent sets and recurring cast
- Long-term planning in serialized series can help optimize resource allocation
- Production design and visual effects needs vary based on storytelling approach (Game of Thrones)
Cast and crew commitments
- Episodic shows offer more flexibility for actor schedules and guest appearances
- Serialized series often require longer-term contracts for main cast members
- Writers' room structures differ between episodic and serialized productions
- Crew specialization may vary based on the consistency of episode formats (The West Wing)
Audience engagement strategies
- Different storytelling approaches require unique strategies to maintain viewer interest
- Understanding these techniques helps writers and producers build and retain audiences
- Engagement strategies often influence the choice between episodic and serialized formats
- Serialized shows encourage fan speculation and theory-crafting between episodes
- Episodic formats can leverage social media for episode-specific discussions
- Writers can plant clues or Easter eggs to fuel online conversations
- Live-tweeting and second-screen experiences enhance viewer engagement (Westworld)
Recap culture
- Serialized shows benefit from "previously on" segments and online episode recaps
- Episodic formats may use thematic recaps or character highlights
- Fan-created content (podcasts, YouTube videos) often focuses on complex serialized narratives
- Official companion content can enhance understanding of intricate plotlines (Lost)
Viewer retention techniques
- Serialized shows use cliffhangers and unresolved plotlines to encourage continued viewing
- Episodic formats rely on familiar characters and settings to build viewer loyalty
- Hybrid approaches can appeal to both casual and dedicated viewers
- Streaming platforms use auto-play and "next episode" features to promote binge-watching (Stranger Things)
Future trends in TV storytelling
- Evolving technology and viewer habits continue to shape television storytelling
- Understanding emerging trends helps writers prepare for future opportunities
- Flexibility in storytelling approaches will be crucial as the industry continues to change
- Increased focus on serialized content to promote binge-watching
- Experimentation with episode lengths and season structures
- Potential for interactive storytelling and choose-your-own-adventure formats
- Global distribution leading to more diverse storytelling and international co-productions (Money Heist)
Interactive storytelling possibilities
- Integration of viewer choice elements into narrative structure
- Potential for branching storylines and multiple endings
- Gamification of TV experiences through companion apps or websites
- Blending of traditional TV formats with video game storytelling techniques (Black Mirror: Bandersnatch)
Evolving viewer preferences
- Increasing demand for diverse representation and inclusive storytelling
- Growing appetite for limited series and anthology formats
- Continued interest in high-concept, genre-blending narratives
- Potential return to episodic formats as an alternative to "peak TV" saturation (The Mandalorian)