Numerals

Definition

Numerals are symbols or combinations of symbols that represent numbers and quantities. In the context of writing and public relations, the use of numerals is guided by specific style rules that dictate when to use numeric digits versus spelling out numbers in words. Understanding these guidelines helps ensure clarity and consistency in communication, particularly in press releases, articles, and other public-facing materials.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. According to AP Style, numerals from zero to nine should generally be written out as words, while numerals 10 and above should be represented as digits.
2. When starting a sentence with a numeral, it should be spelled out to avoid confusion, regardless of its value.
3. In a series or list within a sentence, consistency is key; if one number is written as a digit, all numbers should follow the same format.
4. AP Style dictates that percentages should always be expressed as numerals followed by the percent sign (e.g., 5%), but percentages less than 1 should include a zero before the decimal point (e.g., 0.5%).
5. Dates should always be written as numerals (e.g., March 15) while centuries are usually spelled out (e.g., 21st century).

Review Questions

• How does AP Style dictate the representation of numbers below and above nine, and why is this distinction important?
  • AP Style specifies that numbers from zero to nine should be written out as words, while numbers 10 and above should be represented as digits. This distinction is important because it ensures consistency and clarity in writing, making it easier for readers to quickly comprehend numerical information. By following this rule, writers maintain a professional standard in their communications.
• Discuss the guidelines for expressing percentages according to AP Style and the rationale behind these rules.
  • In AP Style, percentages should always be written as numerals followed by the percent sign (e.g., 5%), but percentages less than one must include a leading zero (e.g., 0.5%). This approach enhances readability and prevents misunderstandings. By using numerals for percentages, writers ensure quick recognition of data points and facilitate easier comparison among figures presented.
• Evaluate the implications of starting a sentence with a numeral according to AP Style and how this affects overall writing clarity.
  • Starting a sentence with a numeral can lead to confusion for readers; thus, AP Style requires that such numerals be spelled out regardless of their value. This guideline improves writing clarity by establishing a more formal tone at the beginning of sentences and helping readers engage with the content without distraction. Adhering to this rule showcases attention to detail in professional writing and aligns with best practices in effective communication.

Related terms

Cardinal Numbers: Numbers that indicate quantity (e.g., one, two, three) as opposed to position or order.

Ordinal Numbers: Numbers that indicate position or rank in a sequential order (e.g., first, second, third).

AP Style: A writing style guide that provides standards for grammar, punctuation, and usage in journalism and public relations, including specific rules for using numerals.