Existential nihilism

Definition

Existential nihilism is the philosophical belief that life lacks inherent meaning, purpose, or value. This perspective often leads individuals to question the significance of existence itself, suggesting that any meaning must be created by the individual rather than being preordained or universal.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Existential nihilism gained prominence in the 20th century, particularly through the works of existentialist philosophers like Jean-Paul Sartre and Albert Camus.
2. This viewpoint challenges traditional notions of morality and existence, often leading to feelings of despair or liberation depending on one's perspective.
3. Existential nihilism is often depicted in literature as characters confront their lack of meaning, reflecting themes of isolation and absurdity.
4. Key literary works, such as Dostoevsky's 'Notes from Underground' and Camus' 'The Stranger', explore existential nihilistic themes through their protagonists' struggles with meaninglessness.
5. Understanding existential nihilism can help readers analyze how characters in literature grapple with existential questions and create their own values in a seemingly indifferent world.

Review Questions

• How does existential nihilism differ from existentialism in terms of meaning and individual responsibility?
  • Existential nihilism asserts that life lacks inherent meaning and value, leading to a sense of hopelessness or despair. In contrast, existentialism posits that while life may not have preordained meaning, individuals possess the freedom and responsibility to create their own purpose through choices and actions. This distinction highlights how existentialists believe in actively forging meaning in an indifferent universe, while existential nihilists may feel overwhelmed by the absence of intrinsic value.
• What are some common literary themes associated with existential nihilism, and how do they manifest in character development?
  • Literary themes of existential nihilism often include isolation, absurdity, and the search for personal meaning amidst chaos. Characters frequently undergo profound internal struggles as they confront their lack of purpose. For instance, in Dostoevsky's 'Notes from Underground,' the protagonist grapples with feelings of alienation and disillusionment. These themes serve to illustrate how individuals cope with an indifferent world, emphasizing their quest for self-defined values despite overwhelming despair.
• Evaluate the implications of existential nihilism on modern literature and its reflection of contemporary societal issues.
  • Existential nihilism has significant implications for modern literature as it reflects the uncertainties and complexities of contemporary existence. As societies grapple with rapid changes and crises of identity, authors use nihilistic themes to portray characters facing disconnection and confusion. This portrayal resonates with readers who may feel similarly lost in a fast-paced world devoid of clear values. By presenting these existential dilemmas, modern literature invites audiences to reflect on their own search for meaning in an increasingly ambiguous reality.

Related terms

Absurdism: A philosophical stance that highlights the conflict between humans' desire for meaning and the indifferent universe, suggesting that while life may be inherently meaningless, individuals can still find personal meaning.

Existentialism: A philosophical movement focusing on individual existence, freedom, and choice, emphasizing the responsibility of individuals to create their own essence through actions.

Nihilism: A broader philosophical doctrine asserting that life is without objective meaning, purpose, or intrinsic value, often leading to skepticism about various beliefs and moral systems.