Sangha

Definition

Sangha refers to the community of monks and nuns in Buddhism, which is considered one of the Three Jewels or Triratna of Buddhism, alongside the Buddha and the Dharma. This community plays a crucial role in preserving and transmitting the teachings of the Buddha, as well as providing spiritual support to lay followers. The establishment of the bhikkhuni order represents a significant expansion of this community, allowing women to participate fully in religious life and practice.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. The sangha is essential for the continuation of Buddhist teachings, providing a living example of how to practice the Dharma.
2. The Buddha encouraged the formation of a community that included both men and women, leading to the establishment of the bhikkhuni order around 5 years after his enlightenment.
3. Women who joined the bhikkhuni order were granted equal opportunities to attain enlightenment, challenging traditional gender norms of the time.
4. The Vinaya outlines specific rules for the conduct of both bhikkhus and bhikkhunis, ensuring that members of the sangha adhere to a disciplined lifestyle.
5. The sangha serves not only as a spiritual community but also as a support system for lay practitioners, fostering a sense of belonging and shared practice.

Review Questions

• How does the sangha contribute to the preservation and transmission of Buddhist teachings?
  • The sangha plays a vital role in preserving and transmitting Buddhist teachings by serving as a community where individuals can learn and practice the Dharma. Monks and nuns dedicate their lives to studying, meditating, and teaching these principles, ensuring that they are passed down through generations. This communal aspect fosters an environment where lay followers can also engage with these teachings, allowing for a broader understanding and application of Buddhist practices.
• Discuss how the establishment of the bhikkhuni order affected perceptions of gender within Buddhism.
  • The establishment of the bhikkhuni order significantly impacted perceptions of gender within Buddhism by legitimizing women's participation in spiritual leadership. By allowing women to attain full ordination and pursue enlightenment, it challenged prevailing notions that restricted women's roles in religious contexts. This inclusion not only broadened opportunities for spiritual growth but also prompted discussions about equality and gender roles within Buddhist communities, reflecting a progressive shift in attitudes toward women's capabilities.
• Evaluate the implications of the Vinaya rules on the behavior and lifestyle choices of members within the sangha.
  • The Vinaya rules impose strict guidelines on behavior and lifestyle choices for both monks and nuns within the sangha, ensuring that they adhere to a disciplined way of life that supports their spiritual goals. These rules cover various aspects, including monastic conduct, relationships with laypeople, and communal living. By upholding these regulations, members contribute to a cohesive community focused on collective spiritual development while also reinforcing ethical standards that inspire lay followers. The adherence to Vinaya reflects a commitment to maintaining purity and discipline essential for nurturing a vibrant religious environment.

Related terms

Bhikkhu: A male monk in Buddhism who has renounced worldly life to follow the path of the Buddha.

Dharma: The teachings and doctrines of the Buddha, which form the foundation of Buddhist practice and philosophy.

Vinaya: The monastic code of conduct that governs the behavior and discipline of monks and nuns within the sangha.