Rational functions are mathematical expressions formed by the ratio of two polynomial functions, typically expressed in the form $$R(x) = \frac{P(x)}{Q(x)}$$, where $$P(x)$$ and $$Q(x)$$ are polynomials. These functions can model various real-world situations and exhibit unique characteristics, such as asymptotes and discontinuities, making them an important subject in understanding functions.
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