Fermi-Dirac statistics describe the distribution of particles, specifically fermions, over energy states in a system at thermal equilibrium. This statistical approach is essential for understanding systems of indistinguishable particles that follow the Pauli exclusion principle, which states that no two fermions can occupy the same quantum state simultaneously. It plays a crucial role in explaining the behaviors of electrons in solids, particularly in metals and semiconductors, as well as influencing concepts like entropy and quantum states.
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