Hierarchical models are statistical models that are structured in a way that allows for the analysis of data with multiple levels of variability, such as data that is grouped or nested. These models enable the incorporation of different levels of information, allowing researchers to understand how variability exists at each level and how these levels interact. Hierarchical models are particularly useful when working with complex data structures, making them a vital tool in Bayesian statistics and in contexts where conjugate priors are applied to simplify calculations.
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