Spanish-American War

Definition

The Spanish-American War was a conflict fought between Spain and the United States in 1898, primarily over the issue of Cuban independence. This war marked a significant turning point as it showcased the United States' growing imperial ambitions, leading to territorial gains and the emergence of the U.S. as a global power. The motivations for imperialism during this period were fueled by desires for economic expansion, military strength, and a belief in cultural superiority.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. The war lasted only about four months, from April to August 1898, but had lasting impacts on U.S. foreign policy.
2. The USS Maine, an American battleship, exploded in Havana harbor, serving as a catalyst for U.S. intervention in Cuba and the start of the war.
3. The conflict was fought not only in Cuba but also in the Philippines, where U.S. forces defeated Spanish troops and took control of Manila.
4. The outcome of the war led to debates within the U.S. regarding imperialism and the responsibilities of being a colonial power.
5. Following the war, the United States began to establish itself as a significant player on the world stage, marking a shift from isolationism to more active engagement in international affairs.

Review Questions

• How did the motivations for imperialism influence American involvement in the Spanish-American War?
  • The motivations for imperialism played a crucial role in shaping American involvement in the Spanish-American War. Economic interests drove the U.S. to seek new markets and resources, particularly in Cuba and its sugar industry. Additionally, military considerations emphasized the need for naval bases and strategic positions in the Caribbean and Pacific. Lastly, a sense of cultural superiority spurred Americans to promote democracy and freedom, justifying intervention under the guise of helping Cuba achieve independence from Spanish rule.
• Evaluate how Yellow Journalism impacted public perception and government policy during the lead-up to the Spanish-American War.
  • Yellow Journalism significantly shaped public perception by sensationalizing events in Cuba and portraying Spain as an oppressive colonial power. This type of journalism exaggerated reports of Spanish atrocities against Cuban civilians, stirring outrage among the American public and creating a strong desire for intervention. The pressure from media outlets influenced government policy, pushing leaders like President McKinley to take a more aggressive stance towards Spain, ultimately contributing to the decision to go to war.
• Analyze the long-term implications of the Spanish-American War on U.S. foreign policy and its role as an emerging global power.
  • The Spanish-American War had profound long-term implications for U.S. foreign policy, marking a transition towards active imperialism and international engagement. The acquisition of territories such as Puerto Rico, Guam, and the Philippines established the U.S. as an emerging global power with colonial interests. This shift led to further interventions in Latin America and Asia and set the stage for future conflicts rooted in imperial ambitions. The war also sparked debates about America's identity and responsibilities as an empire, influencing policy decisions well into the 20th century.

Related terms

Cuban Independence: The movement for Cuba to gain independence from Spanish colonial rule, which was a central issue leading to the Spanish-American War.

Yellow Journalism: A style of sensationalized news reporting that played a significant role in swaying public opinion in favor of the war by exaggerating Spanish atrocities in Cuba.

Treaty of Paris (1898): The agreement that ended the Spanish-American War, resulting in Spain ceding territories such as Puerto Rico, Guam, and the Philippines to the United States.