Rational theology, in the context of Islamic thought, refers to a method of theological inquiry that emphasizes reason and logic as tools for understanding religious beliefs. It plays a crucial role in Islamic theology (Kalam), where scholars engage in philosophical reasoning to discuss and defend core tenets of Islam, such as the nature of God, free will, and the relationship between faith and reason. This approach aims to reconcile faith with rationality, often leading to debates among different schools of thought within Islam.
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