Kalevala

Definition

The Kalevala is a 19th-century Finnish epic poem compiled by Elias Lönnrot, based on traditional oral folklore and mythology of Finland. This literary work played a crucial role in shaping Finnish national identity and culture, reflecting the ideas of nationalism by celebrating the unique heritage and history of the Finnish people.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. The Kalevala was first published in 1835 and later expanded in 1849, becoming a symbol of Finnish national pride and identity.
2. The epic consists of 50 cantos that recount various myths, legends, and heroic deeds of legendary figures in Finnish folklore.
3. The Kalevala helped to foster a sense of unity among Finns during a time when Finland was under Russian rule, promoting cultural awareness and pride.
4. Its themes of heroism, nature, and spirituality resonated deeply with the Finnish people, influencing literature, art, and music throughout the country.
5. The work has inspired many artists and musicians worldwide, including famous composer Jean Sibelius, who incorporated elements of the Kalevala into his symphonic works.

Review Questions

• How did the Kalevala influence Finnish national identity during the 19th century?
  • The Kalevala significantly influenced Finnish national identity by celebrating the rich cultural heritage and folklore of Finland. As an epic that collected traditional stories, it fostered a sense of unity among Finns under Russian rule and instilled pride in their unique cultural background. The themes presented in the Kalevala resonated with people's feelings about their identity, ultimately contributing to the rise of Finnish nationalism.
• What role did Elias Lönnrot play in the creation of the Kalevala, and how did his efforts contribute to the preservation of Finnish culture?
  • Elias Lönnrot played a crucial role as the compiler of the Kalevala, collecting oral poetry from various regions in Finland. His dedication to preserving these traditional folk tales ensured that Finland's cultural heritage was documented and celebrated. By bringing together these stories into a cohesive epic, Lönnrot not only saved an important part of Finnish culture but also inspired national pride and awareness among the Finnish people.
• Evaluate the impact of the Kalevala on literature and art within Finland and beyond, considering its influence on subsequent cultural movements.
  • The Kalevala has had a profound impact on literature and art both within Finland and internationally. It inspired numerous writers, poets, and artists who sought to express themes from the epic in their own works. The celebration of Finnish culture through this epic paved the way for various movements that embraced nationalism, as seen in literature, visual arts, and music. Composers like Jean Sibelius integrated elements from the Kalevala into their works, showcasing its lasting influence on creative expressions across different artistic fields.

Related terms

Elias Lönnrot:

A Finnish physician and philologist known for compiling the Kalevala, he played a vital role in collecting Finnish folk songs and oral traditions.

Finnish Nationalism: A political and cultural movement advocating for the recognition and promotion of Finnish culture, language, and identity, particularly during the 19th century.

Runo: A term for the traditional Finnish poetic form, which consists of rhythmical verses often sung or recited, used extensively in the creation of the Kalevala.