Kalevala

Definition

The Kalevala is an epic poem from Finland, compiled in the 19th century by Elias Lönnrot from traditional Finnish oral folklore and mythology. This work embodies the characteristics of epics, featuring a rich tapestry of heroic deeds, mythical beings, and cultural themes, thus serving as a cornerstone of Finnish national identity and literature.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. The Kalevala was first published in 1835 and expanded in 1849, making it one of the most significant works in Finnish literature and culture.
2. Elias Lönnrot traveled across Finland to collect folk songs and stories, weaving them into a cohesive narrative that celebrates Finnish mythology and cultural heritage.
3. The epic consists of 50 cantos, which tell the tales of various heroes like Väinämöinen, Lemminkäinen, and Kullervo, highlighting their struggles and adventures.
4. The Kalevala played a crucial role in shaping Finnish nationalism during the 19th century, inspiring movements for independence from Russian rule.
5. This epic has influenced various forms of art, music, and literature worldwide, demonstrating its lasting impact beyond Finnish borders.

Review Questions

• How does the Kalevala embody the characteristics of epic poetry, particularly in its structure and themes?
  • The Kalevala embodies epic poetry through its narrative structure that encompasses numerous cantos filled with heroic tales and mythical elements. Its themes revolve around heroism, conflict between good and evil, and the quest for knowledge and power. The intertwining stories of characters like Väinämöinen highlight not only individual bravery but also collective cultural values important to Finnish identity.
• Discuss the significance of the Kalevala during the Romantic period and how it contributed to national identity in Finland.
  • During the Romantic period, the Kalevala was instrumental in fostering a sense of national identity among Finns. Its collection of folk stories resonated with themes of heroism and tradition, which were central to Romantic ideals. The work inspired a wave of nationalistic sentiment as it provided a literary foundation for Finland's cultural heritage, encouraging movements towards independence from foreign domination.
• Evaluate the impact of the Kalevala on contemporary literature and arts within and beyond Finland.
  • The impact of the Kalevala on contemporary literature and arts is profound both within Finland and internationally. It has inspired numerous adaptations across various media including music, theater, and visual arts. Artists like Jean Sibelius drew upon its themes for compositions, while modern authors continue to explore its characters and stories, demonstrating its enduring relevance. This cross-cultural influence highlights how traditional narratives can shape modern artistic expressions.

Related terms

Epic Poetry:

A lengthy narrative poem that typically recounts the adventures of heroic figures and explores themes of heroism, morality, and the human experience.

Runes: Traditional Finnish poetic forms used in oral storytelling, which often consist of rhythmic verses that were sung or recited, and form the basis for many tales in the Kalevala.

National Romanticism: An artistic and literary movement that emerged in the 19th century, emphasizing national identity and folklore, particularly evident in the revival of epic forms such as the Kalevala.