Altar of Peace

Definition

The Altar of Peace, also known as the Ara Pacis, is a monumental altar in Rome dedicated to Pax, the Roman goddess of Peace. It was commissioned by Emperor Augustus in 13 BC to celebrate his return from the provinces and signify peace and prosperity brought to the Roman Empire. The altar features intricate relief sculptures that depict various mythological and historical scenes, emphasizing the importance of peace during Augustus's reign.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. The Altar of Peace was consecrated in 9 BC and served as a public symbol of Augustus's efforts to restore peace after years of civil war.
2. The altar's design incorporates elements of both Greek and Roman art, showcasing Augustus's commitment to cultural blending.
3. The relief panels depict scenes of mythological significance, including representations of Aeneas, the legendary founder of Rome, who is shown making sacrifices.
4. The Ara Pacis is surrounded by an enclosed precinct that further emphasizes its importance as a sacred space for worship and reflection.
5. In modern times, the Altar of Peace has been subject to restoration efforts and is considered a significant archaeological site that offers insights into Augustan Rome.

Review Questions

• How does the design and decoration of the Altar of Peace reflect the cultural influences present during Augustus's reign?
  • The design and decoration of the Altar of Peace reveal a blend of Greek and Roman artistic influences, which underscores Augustus's desire to present himself as a cultured leader. The intricate reliefs illustrate not only mythological themes but also historical narratives that highlight Augustus's achievements. This merging of styles signifies a broader cultural renaissance in Rome during this period, reinforcing Augustus's role in promoting peace and stability.
• Discuss the significance of the Altar of Peace within the context of Augustan propaganda and its impact on Roman society.
  • The Altar of Peace serves as a powerful tool for Augustan propaganda, symbolizing the peace and prosperity achieved under Augustus's rule. By commissioning this monumental structure, Augustus aimed to legitimize his power while presenting himself as a benevolent leader who restored order after civil strife. The visual imagery on the altar communicated messages about the divine favor upon Augustus, influencing public perception and solidifying loyalty among the Roman populace.
• Evaluate how the Altar of Peace reflects broader themes in Roman art and architecture during the Augustan era.
  • The Altar of Peace exemplifies broader themes in Roman art and architecture by merging functionality with rich symbolic meaning. It reflects an emphasis on public display and monumentalism characteristic of Augustan architecture, aimed at promoting political ideals through visual storytelling. The integration of detailed reliefs with mythological and historical narratives serves to convey messages about divine approval and civic virtue. This approach not only highlights the artistic advancements during this time but also demonstrates how art was leveraged to articulate the values and aspirations of Roman society under Augustus.

Related terms

Pax Romana: A period of relative peace and stability across the Roman Empire that lasted for approximately 200 years, beginning with Augustus's rule.

Relief Sculpture: A sculptural technique where the figures are carved into a flat background, creating a three-dimensional effect while remaining attached to the surface.

Augustan Propaganda: The use of art and architecture during Augustus's reign to promote his image and policies, reinforcing his power and the ideals of the Roman state.