Majapahit

Definition

Majapahit was a powerful Hindu-Buddhist kingdom that existed from the late 13th century to the early 16th century in what is now Indonesia. It is known for its expansive trade network and cultural influence throughout Southeast Asia, playing a significant role in regional interaction and trade dynamics during its height.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Majapahit reached its peak under the reign of Hayam Wuruk and his prime minister Gajah Mada, who emphasized territorial expansion and consolidation.
2. The kingdom was a major hub for trade across Southeast Asia, facilitating commerce between China, India, and various local polities.
3. Majapahit's political influence extended over various territories, including parts of Malaysia and the Philippines, showcasing its regional power.
4. The kingdom's cultural achievements included advancements in art, literature, and architecture, contributing to the rich heritage of Indonesian culture.
5. Majapahit began to decline in the late 15th century due to internal strife and external pressures, leading to its eventual fragmentation into smaller states.

Review Questions

• How did Majapahit's trade practices influence regional interactions in Southeast Asia?
  • Majapahit's trade practices were crucial for fostering regional interactions across Southeast Asia. By establishing a vast trade network that connected various islands with major markets in China and India, Majapahit facilitated not just the exchange of goods but also cultural ideas and influences. This extensive commerce allowed for the spread of Hindu-Buddhist culture throughout the region, enhancing diplomatic relations and collaboration among different polities.
• Discuss the role of port cities as entrepôts during Majapahit's height and how this affected regional economies.
  • During Majapahit's height, port cities served as vital entrepôts that connected diverse trading routes across Southeast Asia. These cities enabled the exchange of goods such as spices, textiles, and precious metals. Their strategic locations allowed merchants from various regions to converge, creating bustling markets that stimulated local economies. The economic prosperity generated by these port cities further solidified Majapahit's dominance in regional trade.
• Evaluate the legacy of Majapahit in terms of cultural influence and political organization in Southeast Asia after its decline.
  • The legacy of Majapahit continued to shape Southeast Asia long after its decline. Culturally, many aspects of Majapahit's art, literature, and religious practices were preserved and evolved into distinct regional traditions, especially on islands like Bali. Politically, the concept of a unified Nusantara remained influential as various successor states sought to emulate Majapahit's governance style. This desire for unity reflects Majapahit's lasting impact on both cultural identity and political organization in the region.

Related terms

Srivijaya: An earlier maritime empire based in Sumatra, known for its trade and influence over the Strait of Malacca, which significantly impacted the development of the region's trade routes.

Nusantara: A term referring to the Indonesian archipelago, often associated with Majapahit's concept of a unified region under its influence and control during its peak.

Bali: An island in Indonesia that became a center of Majapahit culture and art, continuing many of its traditions even after the kingdom's decline.