Floodplain agriculture refers to the practice of cultivating crops on the fertile lands adjacent to rivers and floodplains, which are periodically inundated with water. This agricultural method takes advantage of nutrient-rich sediments deposited by floodwaters, allowing for high crop yields, particularly in regions where rice is a staple food. The reliance on this type of agriculture is pivotal in understanding the origins of rice cultivation and the development of early agricultural societies.
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