Annexation of Pergamon

Definition

The annexation of Pergamon refers to the formal incorporation of the Kingdom of Pergamon into the Roman Republic in 133 BC after its last king, Attalus III, bequeathed his kingdom to Rome. This event marked a significant expansion of Roman territory, showcasing Rome's growing power and influence in the Eastern Mediterranean region and serving as a precursor to further conquests in Asia Minor.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. The annexation occurred following the death of Attalus III in 133 BC, who left no heirs, leading to a succession crisis in Pergamon.
2. The incorporation of Pergamon was part of a larger strategy by Rome to increase its presence in the Eastern Mediterranean and secure trade routes.
3. After annexation, Pergamon became a Roman province, further integrating it into the economic and political systems of Rome.
4. The rich cultural heritage and resources of Pergamon contributed to Rome's wealth and facilitated its expansionist policies in Asia Minor.
5. This event set a precedent for future territorial acquisitions, as Rome continued to annex other regions in response to political instability or conflicts within those areas.

Review Questions

• How did the bequest of Attalus III influence Rome's expansion into Asia Minor?
  • Attalus III's bequest effectively handed over control of Pergamon to Rome, removing a significant regional power and allowing Rome to expand its influence in Asia Minor without opposition. This acquisition not only provided Rome with strategic territory but also opened new trade routes and resources that bolstered its economy and military strength. As a result, it paved the way for further territorial expansions by establishing a Roman presence in a key area.
• Discuss the impact of the annexation of Pergamon on Rome's administrative practices in newly acquired provinces.
  • Following the annexation of Pergamon, Rome implemented new administrative practices to effectively govern its provinces. This included establishing provincial governors and local senates that allowed for some level of self-governance while ensuring Roman oversight. The integration of Pergamon into the Roman provincial system served as a model for how Rome would manage future conquests, emphasizing both local administration and direct control by Roman authorities.
• Evaluate the long-term consequences of the annexation of Pergamon on Roman foreign policy and territorial ambitions in the Eastern Mediterranean.
  • The annexation of Pergamon had significant long-term consequences for Roman foreign policy and territorial ambitions. It marked a shift towards aggressive expansionism, as Rome began viewing regions like Asia Minor as vital components of their empire. The successful incorporation of Pergamon demonstrated that Rome could absorb large territories without facing severe resistance, encouraging further conquests throughout the Eastern Mediterranean. This expansion not only increased Rome's power but also contributed to tensions with other regional powers, ultimately shaping the geopolitical landscape for centuries to come.

Related terms

Attalus III: The last king of Pergamon, whose will bequeathed the kingdom to Rome, effectively leading to its annexation.

Roman Republic: The era of ancient Roman civilization characterized by a republican form of government, lasting from 509 BC until the establishment of the Roman Empire in 27 BC.

Asia Minor: A geographic region that corresponds to the western part of modern-day Turkey, which became a key area for Roman expansion after the annexation of Pergamon.